Social Studies 10-1

1. Social Studies 10-1 Legacies of Historical Globalization IQ. To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization.

2. What is a legacy? • Legacy: something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past. • Examples: • Government systems • Buildings and monuments • Religions • Stories • Celebrations • Language • Values

3. Building Empires • Between 1876-1914, Imperial powers greatly expanded their global possessions.

5. Ethnocentrism & Eurocentrism • Ethnocentrism: A way of thinking that centers on one’s own race and culture. Believe only their worldview is valid. • Ex. A Westerner thinking that using chopsticks at every meal to eat is strange, silly, or a "stupid" way to eat • Eurocentrism: Form of ethnocentrism that uses European criteria to judge others. How ethnocentric are you?

6. Scramble for Africa • Berlin Conference • To avoid conflicts, representatives of USA, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Russia, Spain, and Sweden-Norway met to divide Africa among themselves. Who was missing from this conference?

7. Oral history • Few written records of the European arrival exist. • Read the story on page 140. Can you retell it in your own words? Queen Elizabeth II holds the royal scepter. It contained the world’s largest polished diamond, the great Star of Africa. (530.4 carats, est. $463 million). The diamond was discovered in South Africa. The Indigenous people who lived there received no benefit from this discovery. Should they be compensated today?

8. Legacies of Imperialism

9. Legacies of Imperialism p.315

10. How has cultural contact affected people? • 19th Century Europeans were not the first to create powerful empires. • Ottoman Empire • Roman Empire • China Example: Algeria • Conquered by Rome in 100CE • Then conquered by Umayyads (Muslim empire) • Spanish control in 15th century • Ottomans in 16th century • French colony in 1830 • Algeria independent in 1962.

11. 20th Century • European empires had fundamentally changed the lives and cultures of the people they ruled. • Examine the map on page 144. • Which regions were under European control? • How might this have affected the Indigenous peoples in those areas?

12. 1914

13. What Legacies do Imperial Powers leave? • Read the 3 speakers on page 145. • In your own words, capture each speaker’s statement or main idea.

14. Legacies: Languages • Imperial powers altered the lives of the Indigenous peoples by changing the language that they spoke. • Canada: French and English • Central and South America: Spanish • Brazil: Portuguese • North Africa: French • Vietnam: French • India: English Argentina: Spanish street signs, Spanish architecture, flamenco dancing.

15. Legacies of Migration Origins of Immigrants to Canada, 1913 • From 1871-1914 , 30 million people migrated from Europe. Does the immigration chart reflect a legacy of British imperial rule?

16. Legacies of Displacement • Indigenous peoples were displaces – forced off their land – when colonizers needed land. • This destroyed cultures and communities. Read the Profile on page 147. What legacies of imperialism does Chinua Achebe address?

17. Legacies of Depopulation • Slavery in Africa led to depopulation • Families and communities were shattered as the young and strong were targeted by slave traders. • When slavery was abolished, millions of Indians were recruited as indentured workers as a new source of cheap workers. • Many remained in their new land after indenture period ended Shop signs in an Indo-Fijian district of Fiji.

18. Legacies of Depopulation • Famine and Disease • 1876 - 1879 • 6-10 million Indians dies of starvation • 1896 – 1902 • 19 million Indians died of starvation and disease. What affects might this have had on Indigenous peoples?

19. How have the exchange of goods and technologies affected people? • Grand Exchange: many new plants and animals were introduced to peoples around the globe. • Horses: Spanish brought to the Americas. This helped the Plains people to travel and transport goods faster and farther. Became symbols of wealth and status. New World Plants Old World Plants

20. How have the exchange of goods and technologies affected people? • Gun trade: • Buffalo used to be hunted by Plains peoples and every part was used. • With guns and trade with Europeans, Buffalo became a money-making commodity. • 1800 – est. 30 million Buffalo • 1900 – less than 1000. Way of life forever destroyed

21. How do legacies continue to affect people? • How would societies have looked today without European imperialism? • Culture Change • Religious beliefs • Art • Architecture • Oppression • Poverty • Technologies • Loss of land

22. How do legacies continue to affect people? GDP per capita of former British colonies, 2006 • GDP – gross domestic product • Value of all goods and services produced. How does this chart portray a legacy of historical globalization?