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Highlights of STAR Mid-Term Upgrades

This summary highlights the upgrade concepts for the STAR experiment at the RHIC facility, focusing on preserving large acceptance, extending forward coverage, particle identification, precise secondary vertex detection, leptons/photons detection, faster DAQ, and cost-effectiveness.

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Highlights of STAR Mid-Term Upgrades

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  1. Highlights of STAR Mid-Term Upgrades

  2. STAR Upgrade Concepts Summary of the RHIC II Science Working Groups • STAR upgrade concepts • Preserve large acceptance • Extend forward coverage • Particle Identification • Precise Secondary Vertex • Leptons/photons • Faster DAQ • Cost-effective, do it best The RHIC facility – Evolution and future Equation of state and the QCD phase diagram 1. Dynamical considerations A. Evidence for Thermalization B. Thermalization Timescale C. Thermalization Mechanisms D. Viscosity 2. Equation of State A. Measurements of Energy Density B. Initial Temperature: How to measure it? 3. Exploring the QCD Phase Diagram A. Search for the QCD critical point B. Medium effects on properties of hadrons 4. Deconfinement 5. Hadronization Gluon Saturation Exploring the spin structure of the nucleon at RHIC-II

  3. Upgrades to keep the discoveries rolling … Underway • Forward Meson Spectrometer • Gluon density distributions, saturation effects, and transverse spin • DAQ1000 Upgrade • order of magnitude increase in rate (1KHz) • extra livetime opens the door to rare physics • Full Barrel MRPC TOF • extended hadron identification at intermediate pT • Lepton identification at low momentum • Heavy Flavor Tracker • high precision Heavy Flavor Tracker near the vertex • opens the door to direct topological ID of Charm & Beauty • Forward GEM Tracker • end cap tracker for W sign determination • Muon Telescope (BNL LDRD) • Forward Reaction Plane Detector • A Crystal Calorimeter for low E photons • - HBT R&D/Proposal Stage Concept Dev.

  4. DAQ1000 Concept Existing TPC DAQ 1000 • Zero suppression done at FEE in the Altro • Event transfer 16-20 times smaller • Combined with slightly faster link, will allow rates ~1000-5000 hz • Event Buffering on FEE • TPC stays alive as long as throughput is < max • Deadtime only caused by TPC Drift.. • 0.004% dead / hz readout • Zero suppression done at RB in the DAQ room • Full ~460,000 10 bit words transferred over each fiber. • 10ms readout time every event. 100hz max rate. • No event buffering on FEE • TPC dead during digitization & readout time. • 1% dead / hz readout.

  5. TPC FEE and DAQ Upgrade – DAQ 1000 ALTROs PASAs blue pen Fiber Out via SIU FPGAs FEE In brown ruler • Faster, smaller, better … ( 10x ) • Current TPC FEE and DAQ limited to 100 Hz • 1 kHz central 3 kHz minBias 5 kHz future • Replace TPC FEE with next generation CERN ALTRO, PASA • Make the FEE smaller and creates less heat • No dead time (well, almost …) • More efficient for rare physics probes

  6. MRPC Time-of-Flight State-of-art Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber: 6 gap, 3x6cm2 pad; 23,000 channels, -0.9<h<0.9, 0<f<2p, r=220cm collaboration between the United States (DOE) and China (NNSFC, MoST, MoE) in high-energy particle physics detector research

  7. 130 GeV Au+Au: STAR, PRC72(2006)064907 central hD=h1-h2 real – mixed fD=f1-f2 0.15 < pt < 2 GeV/c peripheral Leading hadrons Medium Physics with TOF PRL97(2006)152301 Jet dissipates energy PRL95(2005)152301 • Generic detector for PID (hadron and lepton) at mid-rapidity • Identified proton/pion at high pT • Jet-related spectra and correlation • Fluctuation K/p, p/p (Critical point) • Resonances (,,J/) hadronic and dilepton decay channels • Open Charm (daughter PID)

  8. STAR Forward Meson Spectrometer (FMS) Schematic of the FMS as seen from the interaction point. The small-cell inner calorimeter has 476 detectors and the large cell outer calorimeter has 788 detectors. Detectors are stacked on the west platform in two movable halves. This view is of the south FMS half, as seen through the retracted west poletip.

  9. FMS Highlighted Objectives[hep-ex/0502040] • A d(p)+Aup0p0+X measurement of the parton model gluon density distributions xg(x) in gold nucleifor0.001< x <0.1. For 0.01<x<0.1, this measurement tests the universality of the gluon distribution. • Characterization of correlated pion cross sections as a function of Q2 (pT2) to search for the onset of gluon saturation effects associated with macroscopic gluon fields. (again d-Au) • Measurements withtransversely polarized protonsthat are expected toresolve the origin of the large transverse spin asymmetriesin reactions for forward  production. (polarized pp)   DOE milestone 

  10. FMS for d-Au saturation physics p+p and d+Au  p0+p0+X correlations with forward p0 p+p in PYTHIA d+Au in HIJING hep-ex/0502040 Conventional shadowing will change yield, but not angular correlation. Saturation will change yield and modify the angular correlation. Sensitive down to xg ~ 10-3 in pQCD scenario; few x 10-4 in CGC scenario.

  11. Mid-rapidity Pointing Devices: IST + SSD The Heavy Flavor Tracker = PXL + IST + SSD • The PXL is a new detector • 30 mm silicon pixels to yield 10 mm space point resolution • Direct Topological reconstruction of Charm • Detect charm decays with small ct, including D0 K  New physics • Charm collectivity and flow to test thermalization at RHIC • C & B Energy Loss to test pQCD in a hot and dense medium at RHIC • The proposed Tracking Upgrades include • PXL (2 layers) • IST (2 layers) • SSD (existing layer) The PXL: 2 layers of Si at mid rapidity

  12. GEANT View of the Heavy Flavor Tracker

  13. Charmed hadron Simulation Results Detector radii: TOF TPC (60 cm) SSD (23 cm) IST2 (17 cm) IST1 (12 cm) PXL2 (7.0 cm) PXL1 (2.5 cm) • The Monte Carlo reconstructed yield of D0 is very good • A complex pT dependence … however efficiency vs pT is the FOM • D0 decay length is ~ 125 mm • IST helps reduce search radius on HFT and thus reduces ghost track inefficiencies as well as allows more relaxed kinematic cuts on the data • Kinematic cuts in the software are a significant contributor to the total efficiency

  14. Accessing Quark Helicities with W Bosons • Maximal Party-Violation in Weak Interaction: Inherent spin sensitivity of W production • Charge of the Boson provides flavor tagging: RHIC: 500 GeV CME in p+p collisions • the quark is usually a valence quark (large x)

  15. Probability to get the correct charge sign Forward GEM Tracker (FGT) • 6 triple-GEM disks covering 1 <  < 2 • outer radius ~ 40 cm • inner radius varies with z position • charge sign reconstruction probability of W above 80% for 30 GeV pT over the full acceptance of the EEMC for the full vertex spread ( > 90% out to η= 1.8)

  16. GEM Prototypes meet Requirements Efficiency plateau of ~ 90% (includes dead, noisy areas) • Detector electronics based on APV25S1 front-end chip (developed for CMS) • TechEtch foils • FNAL T963 (May 2-15, 2007) 3 layers: 10x10cm2 120 GeV beam resolution x ~ 51 µm, y ~ 63 µm 32 GeV beam resolution x ~ 66 µm, y ~ 78 µm

  17. Schedule Beam Use Request strongly coupled with detector upgrades to optimize the maximum physics output

  18. References • STAR Decadal Plan • STAR (Tim Hallman) 2007 Annual DOE Review • The STAR Detector Upgrade Plan (Jim Thomas) 2007 RHIC&AGS Annual Users Meeting • Overview of STAR Upgrades (Zhangbu Xu) 2006 RHIC&AGS Annual Users Meeting • STAR Upgrade Plans and R&D (Richard Majka) • STAR Beam Use Request (BUR2006) • Forward Meson Spectrometer (FMS) • Time-of-Flight Proposal • DAQ1000 • Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) • Forward GEM Tracker (FGT) • STAR Future Physics and Upgrade Planning (internal)

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