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Northern Ireland

Roots of the Conflict- religion, ethnicity and colonialism. Normans in Ireland- 1169 ... Initial Reaction of British Government to Violence in Northern Ireland ...

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Northern Ireland

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  1. Northern Ireland 1169-2005

  2. Great Britain and Ireland

  3. Roots of the Conflict- religion, ethnicity and colonialism • Normans in Ireland- 1169 • Plantation of Ulster- 16th century • Act of Settlement 1653 • Accession of James II 1685 • William of Orange ascends to British throne

  4. King William of Orange

  5. Roots of the Conflict c’ntd • Penal Laws introduced from 1695 onwards • 1782- Irish Parliament received legislative independence • Development of Peep O’ Day Boys, Defenders, Orange Order • 1798- United Irishmen Rebellion • 1800- Act of Union • 1829- Catholic Emancipation

  6. Independence of Ireland • Struggle for land reforms – 1870s & 1880s • Irish Parliamentary Party – 1882 • Home Rule – 1st attempt – 1885 2nd attempt – 1893 3rd attempt - 1914

  7. Partition • World War One – 1914 • Government of Ireland Act – 1920 • Irish War of Independence – 1919-1921

  8. Irish Free State and Northern Ireland

  9. Northern Ireland Parliament - Stormont

  10. 1921-1963 • The new NI Parliament- unstable at first, financial and political difficulties as well as inexperienced government ministers • Catholics took little part in new NI state- electoral discrimination, grievances in housing, policing and employment. “A Protestant state for a Protestant people”

  11. Reasons for unrest • 1963- arrival of Terence O’Neill as Prime Minister. Introduction of reforms. Attracted opposition from within his party as well as from Ian Paisley • Catholics encouraged by success of Civil Rights movement in America • Formation of NICRA • By the late 60s the peaceful protests had begun to take on a more violent nature

  12. Initial Reaction of British Government to Violence in Northern Ireland • 1969- British troops sent to Northern Ireland • 1970- Curfews, house searches • 1971- Internment • 1972- Bloody Sunday • Following this Direct Rule from Westminster was re-instated

  13. Responses to Terrorism • Power-sharing, Sunningdale – 1973-74 • Rolling Devolution – 1982-84 • Anglo Irish Agreement – 1985 • Downing Street Declaration - 1993

  14. Aftermath from Anglo-Irish Agreement

  15. Looking forward • Good Friday Agreement – 1998

  16. Good Friday Agreement • Human Rights and Equality • Early release of terrorist prisoners • Decommissioning of paramilitary weapons • Reforms of criminal justice and policing.

  17. Good Friday Agreement, con’t • Three strands, • 1. Creation of Northern Ireland Assembly • 2. North-South Relationships • 3. East-West Relationships

  18. Prospects for a Functioning Local Democracy • Many issues still need to be resolved, such as policing, decommissioning and prisoner releases • Remaining hostility between political parties • Northern Bank robbery- suspected IRA involvement having knock-on effect for Sinn Fein- withdrawal of funding

  19. Prospects for a Functioning Local Democracy • Hopes for the future • Inclusive government • Economic development • Development in inter-community cultural awareness eg. through integrated schools, cross community initiatives such as BEI • Equal opportunity programs

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