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Infection Control

Infection Control. Wanda Opland Health Careers Instructor JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER. Objectives. Define, pronounce, and spell the key terms Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization Demonstrate aseptic hand washing

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Infection Control

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  1. Infection Control Wanda Opland Health Careers Instructor JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

  2. Objectives • Define, pronounce, and spell the key terms • Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization • Demonstrate aseptic hand washing • Demonstrate how to don and remove an isolation mask, gloves, and gown • Identify the five ways microorganisms are spread of infection

  3. Define OSHA and explain the agency’s role in safety • List conditions which enhance growth of microorganisms

  4. Microorganisms • Organisms which can only be seen by a microscope • To Live • Warm temperature • moisture • darkness

  5. Anaerobic • microorganisms which live in an environment without oxygen • Aerobic • microorganisms which needs oxygen to live

  6. Nonpathogenic • a microorganism that does not cause disease • Pathogenic • a microorganism which is disease producing

  7. Pathogenic Microorganisms • Bacteria • can be treated with antibiotics • Viruses • smaller than bacteria • cannot be treated with bacteria

  8. Pathogenic Microorganisms • Protozoa • larger than virus, grow within host cell • Fungi • low form of plant life, includes mold & yeast

  9. Pathogen and disease • Toxins • some microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) that affect the body

  10. How Microorganisms Spread • Direct Contact • transmitted directly from one person to another • Indirect contact • transferred from one object to another

  11. How Microorganisms Spread • Airborne • carried in the air • Oral route • enters body through water, food dirty hands • Insects and Pests • picked up on insects and pests and transferred

  12. Signs and Symptoms • Generalized • involves the entire body • Localized • involves a single site

  13. Asepsis • Asepsis • free from or keeping away disease producing microorganisms • Medical Asepsis • to destroy the environment that allows pathogens to live, breed, and spread • Aseptic technique • methods used to make the environment, worker, and as germ free as possible

  14. Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease • Cross infection • caused by infecting the patient with a new microorganism from another patient or health care worker • Reinfection • infection with the same microorganism that caused the original illness

  15. Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease • Self-innoculation • infection by the patient’s own organisms • An illness passing from the patient to the health care worker or from worker to patient

  16. Aseptic Technique • Employees to be neat and clean • Proper handling of all equipment • Use sterile procedure when necessary

  17. Aseptic Technique • Use proper cleaning solutions • Bacteriostatic solutions: slow or stops the growth of microorganisms • Bactericidal solutions: Kills microorganisms • Hand washing • Universal precautions

  18. Universal Precautions • Precautions that protect the patient/client, co-workers, and community from infection • Universal Precautions

  19. Universal Precautions • Universal Precautions Techniques • Wear gloves when • touching blood • touching mucous membranes • performing veinipuncture • touching body fluids of any kind

  20. Body Fluids • vaginal fluids or semen • cerebrospinal fluid • pleural fluid (fluid around lung) • pericardial fluid (fluid around heart) • synovial fluid (fluid in the joints) • amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus) • placenta tissue • saliva with blood in it

  21. Wash hands after glove removal • Protect clothing with apron or gown when splashing of blood or body fluids is possible • Discard needles or other sharps in puncture-resistant container • Do not recap needles or work with needles before disposal • Waste and soild linen must be handled with care

  22. Controlling the spread of infections • Sterilize • make free from all living organisms • Disinfection • process of freeing from microorganisms by physical or chemical means • Autoclaves • sterilizers which use steam underpressure to kill all organisms

  23. Isolation Precautions • Isolation • condition of having limited contact with others • Protective Isolation • guarding workers and visitors from danger • Reverse Isolation • guarding the patient from danger

  24. Types of Isolation • Respiratory Isolation • protection from airborne droplets • Skin and wound Isolation • protection from open wounds, skin drainage

  25. Types of Isolation • Enteric Isolation • solid body wastes • Strict Isolation • complete protection • Blood and body fluids

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