Medical Terminology and Disease

2. 8 Medical Terminology and Disease

3. Word Elements for Medical Terms • word root—the body of the word (cardi, arthr, mast) • prefix—before word root (intra-, trans-) • suffix—after word root (-logy, -gram) • combining vowel—joins two word roots (electr-o-cardi-o-gram) • combining form—word root plus combining vowel (osteo, electro)

4. Combining Word Elements • Once you are familiar with word elements, you can combine them to build medical terms. • Most singular and plural endings follow Greek and Latin rules.

5. Discuss Break the following words into their word elements, and then derive their meaning: polycystic poly/cyst/ic—having many cysts mastectomy mast/ectomy–removal of breast transurethral trans/urethr/al—through the urethra

6. Medical Terms • pronunciation • choften sounds like k • g sounds like j when gcomes before e, i, and y • pnsounds like n • pssounds like s • correct spelling—utmost importance in medical terminology • medical abbreviations vary by facility

7. Body Cavities • spaces in body that house internal organs • two main cavities • dorsal • ventral

8. Body Cavities

9. Anatomical Position

10. Other Body Positions Prone Supine

11. Other Body Positions Fowler’s Lateral

12. proximal abduction adduction flexion extension Body Directions and Movements • anterior/ventral • posterior/dorsal • superior • inferior • distal

13. Discuss What are some examples of abduction and adduction? Demonstrate.

14. Body Planes • sagittal • midsagittal/median • coronal • transverse

15. Medical Specialties • areas of focus practiced by medical professionals, named according to a body system

16. What Is Disease? • a disorder or abnormal condition in some part of the body’s structure or function • an important purpose of medicine is to treat disease

17. What Is Diagnosis? • made by studying medical history and symptoms, performing physical exam, and analyzing results • involves diagnostic testing, identifying treatment options, and classifying disease Alexander Raths/Shutterstock.com

18. Types of Disease • hereditary disease (abnormalities in genes) • congenital disease (birth defects) • environmental disease (exposure to harmful factors in environment) • nutritional disease (inability or failure to consume proper nutrients)

19. Types of Disease • infectious disease (pathogenic microorganisms) • degenerative disease (deterioration of tissue/organs over time) • trauma (physical injury by accident or violence)

20. Discuss Write the first three diseases that come to your mind. What types of diseases are they?

21. Cancer • abnormal growth of cells multiplying rapidly in the body • metastasis—spread of cancerous cells • malignant—used to describe an active, life-threatening tumor

22. Signs and Symptoms of Cancer • change in bowel or bladder habits • a sore that doesn’t heal • unusual bleeding or discharge • thickening or lump in breast, testicles, or elsewhere • indigestion or difficulty swallowing • obvious change in size, color, shape or thickness of wart, mole, or mouth sore • nagging cough or hoarseness