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Infection Control

Infection Control. NPN 105 Joyce Smith RN, BSN. Changes in Control of Infections. Onset of HIV Insurgence of TB form endemic countries Increase in hepatitis Increase in immigrants Hospital cost containment Nosocomial infections. Infection Control.

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Infection Control

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  1. Infection Control NPN 105 Joyce Smith RN, BSN

  2. Changes in Control of Infections • Onset of HIV • Insurgence of TB form endemic countries • Increase in hepatitis • Increase in immigrants • Hospital cost containment • Nosocomial infections

  3. Infection Control • Infection control and prevention are important functions. • Knowledge of infectious process, critical thinking, aseptic techniques, and barrier protections cannot be overemphasized. • Nurses are the primary preventers of infectious diseases in health care

  4. Scientific Knowledge Base • Nature of infection • Invasion of susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms which results in disease • Infecting agents • Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa • Colonization • Occurs when a microorganism invades and grows but does not cause disease or infection • Disease occurs only after the pathogens multiply and cause problems with tissue function

  5. Chain of Infection • Infectious agent • # and ability to produce disease • Reservoir • Places where the microorganism lives and survives: H2O, humans, animals, organic matter • Portal of exit – must leave host • Mode of transmission – how it gets from one to another • Portal of entry – must have entrance • Susceptible host – amount of defenses

  6. Modes of Transmission • Contact • Air • Vehicles • Vector

  7. Defenses Against Infection • Normal flora • Body system defenses • Inflammation • Immune response

  8. Health Care–Associated Infection • Patients with multiple illnesses, older adults, and the poorly nourished are more susceptible. • Those with HIV, diabetes mellitus, and malignancies have a lowered resistance to microorganisms. • Can be exogenous or endogenous • Exogenous: not part of normal body flora • Endogenous: part of normal body flora

  9. Asepsis • Medical asepsis • Use of clean techniques • Hand hygiene, barrier technique, cleaning of environment and surfaces • Surgical asepsis • Highest level of protection • Use of sterile techniques • Surgical hand washing, gown, gloves, mask • Nurses use this technique when doing sterile dressings or treatments

  10. Knowledge Base • Infectious diseases create feelings of anxiety, frustration, and anger. • Cultural, religious, or social beliefs influence reactions. • Beliefs about disease and vaccination influence vaccination decisions.

  11. Infection Control • Health promotion • Nutrition • Hygiene • Immunization • Adequate rest and regular exercise

  12. What to do When an Infection Occurs in Your Patient • Disinfect and sterilize all supplies • Good hand washing prevents the spread • Use of barriers, such as masks, gowns and gloves to control exposure • Isolate if necessary to prevent spread

  13. Treatment of an Infection • Must identify the organism • Usually physician will prescribe and antibiotic • Increase fluid intake if patient condition allows • Allow for rest periods • Change dressings as needed and dispose of dressing in containers • May use compresses to site or may need to manage drainage tubes

  14. Controlling Infections • Medical sepsis • Control or elimination of infectious agents • Cleaning • Disinfection and sterilization • Control or elimination of reservoirs • Control of portals of entry • Control of transmission • Hand hygiene

  15. HAND WASHING • Before contact with patients • Before putting on sterile glove • After removal of sterile gloves • After contact with patients skin • After contact with body fluids • After contact with contaminated equiptment

  16. Infection Control • Isolation and barrier protection • Standard precautions • Personal protective equipment (PPE) • Specimen collection • Bagging • Removal of protective equipment • Transporting patients

  17. Infection Control • Role of infection prevention and control • Most health care facilities have infection control departments • Collect and report infections and identify needs • Health promotion in health care workers and patients • Immunizations for employees • Teaching reinforcement in infection control policies • Manage job related infections • Stay home if contagious

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