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Modern China: A Capsule History

Modern China: A Capsule History. The Impact of the West on 19 th and 20 th Century China. The Manchu Conquest of China: 1644. Imposition of the Queue. Manchu conquest of Taiwan: Koxinga and the anti-Qing rebellion 1661-1683. The Kangxi Emperor: Longest Reigning Chinese Emperor: 1661-1722.

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Modern China: A Capsule History

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  1. Modern China: A Capsule History The Impact of the West on 19th and 20th Century China

  2. The Manchu Conquest of China: 1644

  3. Imposition of the Queue

  4. Manchu conquest of Taiwan: Koxinga and the anti-Qing rebellion 1661-1683

  5. The Kangxi Emperor: Longest Reigning Chinese Emperor: 1661-1722

  6. The Manchus become Confucian: Heirs to the Mandate of Heaven

  7. Astronomers Translators Missionaries Weapons manufacturers Cartographers Advisors Matteo Ricci The Jesuits and their role

  8. The Qianlong Emperor: 1735-1796

  9. Map of Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

  10. The Conquest of Tibet and Xinjiang

  11. Tibetan Buddhism at the Qing Court

  12. The Canton system of Trade: Macau as the gateway to China

  13. Qianlong meets George McCartney: A clash of Two worlds

  14. The Opium War: “The most disreputable War Britain eve fought” Gladstone • Motivation: the British thirst for tea and trade • Destabilization: Payment in silver as China wanted nothing the British produced • Problem: Imbalance in trade • Solution: Illegal importation of Opium into China

  15. Commissioner Lin and the successful suppression of Opium

  16. China loses the war: outgunned and with backward technology

  17. The Treaty of Nanjing: 1842: First Unequal Treaty • Cede Island of Hong Kong in perpetuity • Open 5 pots to trade: Guangzhou (Canton), Xiamen (Amoy), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Shanghai. • Pay 21 Million dollars reparations • Extraterritoriality • Most Favored Nation Clause

  18. Second Opium War: Causes • Desire for free trade • Desire to travel in interior • Desire for missionary activity • Desire for legalization of opium • Desire for diplomatic relations

  19. Treaties of Tianjin and Aigun • Europeans right to have legations in Beijing • 10 cities opened for trade and residence • Foreign ships navigate freely on Yangtse river • Foreigners right to travel, trade, and proselytize in China • 6 million dollar indemnity • Russia got the maritime Province

  20. Storming of the Dagu )Taku) Forts

  21. Flight of the Xian FengEmperor to Chengde

  22. Destruction of the Summer Palace

  23. Convention of Beijing: second unequal treaty 1860 • Confirm Tianjin Treaty • Cede Kowloon to Britain • Open Tianjin as treaty port • Chinese laborers allowed to emigrate overseas

  24. Rebellions: Taiping, Nian, Muslim: 1850-1878 • Transfer of power from Manchus to Chinese • Transfer of power from Center to provinces • Weakening of Central government • Allowing further Western Imperialism • Awakening desire for change among Chinese youth • Sense of doom among youth

  25. Rebels and Mandarins • Zeng Guofan

  26. Balancing act Position as regent Raising fear of foreigners and Chinese Personal friendship Bestowal of favors Cixi and the maintenance of power

  27. The Marble Boat in the new Summer Palace

  28. The Sino-Japanese War: 1895 • Li Hong Zhang Shimonoseki

  29. Treaty of Shimonoseki • Cession of Taiwan to Japan • 200 million dollar indemnity • China recognize independence of Korea • Cede Liaodong Peninsula to Japan (reversed by Triple Intervention by Russia, France and Germany) • Open more ports and rivers to trade

  30. Guangxu Emperor and the 100 days of reform

  31. Boxer Rebellion: Defense of the British Legation

  32. The Boxer Rebellion • A Boxer and the International Relief force

  33. Russo-Japanese war: control of railroads in Manchuria

  34. The Russo Japanese War: fought over Manchuria (China)

  35. Sun Yat-sen and the revolution of 1912

  36. Sun’s Three Principles of the People: San Min Zhu Yi • Nationalism: Min Zu • Democracy: Min Quan • Socialism (people’s welfare): Min Sheng

  37. The Accidental Revolution: 1912: The end of the imperial system and the establishment of a Republic • Yuan Shi Kai becomes President

  38. The May fourth Movement: The first modern student movement

  39. Chen Duxiu Li Dazhao Founding of the Chinese Communist Party

  40. Founding member of CCP Reinterpreter of Leninism for Chinese conditions Interested in the peasants Mao Zedong as a Young Man

  41. Zhu De: Leader of the Red Army

  42. Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) and the Northern Expedition

  43. Massacre of Communists

  44. End of the first United Front in Shanghai • Nationalists turned on the Communists and massacred them in Shanghai • Resulted in split of the Nationalist party • Renewed civil war against the Communists • Communists in city virtually destroyed • Mao flees to countryside in Jinggangshan

  45. Retreat to Jinggangshan

  46. Civil War: the Long March

  47. Japanese invasion and creation of the state of Manchukuo: Puyi crowned as emperor in 1932

  48. Start of the Sino Japanese War: 1937: Lugoujiao (Marco Polo Bridge)

  49. The start of the Anti-Japanese war

  50. Nanjing Massacre

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