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Urinary System

Urinary System. Can you hold it long enough for me to get through this lecture?. QUICK REVIEW OF ELIMINATION. Lungs eliminate CO2 Sweat glands eliminate excess heat, salt Digestive tract- indigestible solids, bacteria Urinary tract is the main system of elimination. A little vocab.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System Can you hold it long enough for me to get through this lecture?

  2. QUICK REVIEW OF ELIMINATION • Lungs eliminate CO2 • Sweat glands eliminate excess heat, salt • Digestive tract- indigestible solids, bacteria • Urinary tract is the main system of elimination

  3. A little vocab • Uria or Ur- urine • Cyst- bladder • Nephr or Ren- kidney • Dys- painful

  4. Anuria • Without urine • Cystitis • Inflammation of the bladder • Dysuria • Painful urination • Hematuria • Blood I urine • Hydronephrosis • > water in kidney • Renal • Pertaining to kidney

  5. The Urinary Tract • Urinary tract consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, one bladder and one urethra. • Kidney location: • Retroperitoneal • Dorsal wall of abdominal cavity • 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae • Urethra • 1.5 inches in women, 8 inches in men

  6. Outer layer- Cortex • Inner layer- Medulla • Calyx- collects urine as it is formed, join together to form the ureter

  7. Kidneys filter blood- 2, 000 L/day (500 gal) • remove waste products and reabsorb water, other valuable substances. • 1.5 L of urine/day • Metabolism produces toxic substances- esp nitrogen containing waste as a by-product of protein breakdown • We eliminate nitrogen as urea- water soluble

  8. The main functional unit of the kidney is called the NEPHRON. • 1 million per kidney • Most of nephron located in renal cortex • Loop of Henle is located in the renal medulla

  9. Capillaries in glomerulus filter blood- Bowman’ capsule collects ultra filtrate • Through passive and active diffusion, 95% of water is reabsorbed, along with K, Na, Ca • Other things are actively excreted, like drugs. • Excretion is controlled by hormones such as ADH from hypothalamus

  10. Urine is made in 4 steps • Filtration • Reabsorption • Secretion • Excretion A urinalysis is the most common non-invasive medical test ordered

  11. Diseases of the Kidney • Acute Kidney failure- sudden loss of function • Causes: nephritis, shock, injury, heart failure or poisoning • Symptoms: anuria or oliguria. Uremia, nausea, coma, death • Chronic Kidney failure- gradual loss of function due to hypertension (high blood pressure) or endocrine disease • Cystitis- inflammation of the urinary bladder

  12. Dialysis, Kidney transplant • Hemodialysis- serves as an “artificial kidney” 2-3x/week for 2-4 hours • Peritoneal dialysis- uses patient’s own peritoneal lining to filter blood • Kidney transplant- need suitable donor. Only need one, but must take anti-rejection drugs for the life of the patient

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