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Urinary System

Urinary System. Dr. Manodeep Chakraborty. Urinary system is the main excretory system and consists of following structures Kidneys (2) : Secretes urine Ureters (2) : Convey the urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder Urinary bladder : Where the urine collects and is temporarily stored

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System Dr. Manodeep Chakraborty

  2. Urinary system is the main excretory system and consists of following structures • Kidneys (2) : Secretes urine • Ureters (2) : Convey the urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder • Urinary bladder : Where the urine collects and is temporarily stored • Urethra : Through which the urine is discharged from the urinay bladder to the exterior

  3. Kidneys • Organs associated with the kidney • Right kidney • Left Kidney • Gross structures of the kidney • Microscopic structure of the kidney

  4. Nephron • Glomerular capsule • Proximal Convoluted tubule • Henle’s loop • Distal convuluted tubule • Collecting tubules • Duct of bellini

  5. Glomerular appartus

  6. Functions of Kidney • Formation of urine • Maintains water balance, urine output, osmotic pressure by ADH • Plays an important role in electrolyte balance • Maintains pH balance • Extra cellular fluid volume • Regulation of blood volume • Regulation of erythropoiesis • Regulation of blood pressure

  7. Formation of Urine • Composition • H2O – 96 % • Urea – 2% • Uric acid • Creatinine • NH4+, Na+, K+, Cl-, Po4-, So4-, oxalates – 2% • Hippuric acid • Citrate, ketobodies

  8. Include 3 process • Filtration • Selective reabsorption • Secretion

  9. Filtration

  10. Selective reabsorption

  11. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

  12. Acid Base Balance • Buffer system • Carbonic acid bicarbonate HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + H2CO3 NaOH + H2CO3 NaHCO3 + H2O • Phosphate buffer NaOH + NaH2PO4 H2O + Na2HPO4 HCl + Na2HPO4 NaCl + NaH2PO4 • Haemoglobin-oxyhaemoglobin • Respiration CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ +CO3- • Kidney excretion

  13. Micturition • Micturition is the physiological process of passing urine

  14. Renal function tests • Glomerular function tests or clearance tests Insulin clearance test Creatinin clearance test Urea Clearance test • Tubular function tests Urea Concentration Urine acidification • Analysis of blood / serum Estimation of blood urea, serum creatinine, protein & electrolyte

  15. Urine examination Volume, pH, Specific gravity, Osmolality, Presence of certain abnormal constituents ( Proteins, blood, ketone bodies, glucose) • Clearance tests C = u x v p • Creatinine clearance test (145ml/minute) • Urea clearance test (75ml/minute) • Standard Urea clearance Cs = u x √v P

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