Urinary System

1. Urinary System

2. Major Parts of the Machine food, water intake oxygen intake Based on: Starr, C., Biology: Concepts and Applications, Brooks/Cole elimination of carbon dioxide Digestive System Respiratory System nutrients, water, salts oxygen carbon dioxide Circulatory System Urinary System water solutes elimination of food residues rapid transport to and from all living cells elimination of excess water salts, wastes

3. Overview of Lesson • Formation of urine • Urinary system • Water balance and alcohol • Problems of the urinary tract

4. When protein is broken down in the body, it results in nitrogenous waste that must be eliminated from the body

5. Protein Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

6. Examples of Amino Acids Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill All 20 amino acids have a nitrogen group (NH2). When broken down for energy, the nitrogen group is converted to ammonia (NH3).

7. Circulatory System Ammonia is converted into urea by the liver. Urea is then transported in the blood to the kidneys where the urea is removed from the blood. Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life

8. Urea is less toxic than ammonia and can be transported in the blood to the kidney O H2N - C - NH2 urea

9. Formation of Urine Amino acids in protein are broken down, resulting in production of ammonia Ammonia is converted to urea in liver Urea travels in blood to kidneys, where removed from blood and incorporated into urine

10. Overview of Lesson • Amino acids, ammonia and urea • Urinary system • Water balance and alcohol • Problems of the urinary tract

11. Urinary System Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

12. Anatomy of the Kidney Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

13. Urine Formation by Nephron Blood pressure forces water, glucose, amino acids and urea from capillaries into nephron Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into blood from nephron Some water is reabsorbed into blood Urine is urea and salt concentrated in water

14. Nephron Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

15. Urine moves from the collecting ducts through the kidney pelvis to the ureter Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

16. Urine moves from the kidneys, through the ureters to the bladder and finally through the urethra Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

17. Overview of Lesson • Amino acids, ammonia and urea • Urinary system • Water balance and alcohol • Problems of the urinary tract

18. Regulation of Water Balance Brain monitors water content of blood If low water content, pituitary releases ADH ADH travels in blood to nephron ADH causes more water to move from urine back into blood

19. Nephron Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

20. Alcohol consumption suppresses the production of ADH by the pituitary. Why would this result in dehydration and a hangover?

21. Overview of Lesson • Amino acids, ammonia and urea • Urinary system • Water balance and alcohol • Problems of the urinary tract

22. Kidney stones form in the kidney pelvis. There are 4 types of stones. • Calcium stones • (most common) • Uric acid stones • Bacteria caused stones • Cystein stones Based on Mayo Clinic Health Letter

23. Kidney stones cause pain when they pass down the ureters to the bladder and urethra Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

24. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) • Second most common infection following respiratory infections • UTI occur when bacteria (E. coli) from the digestive tract get into the opening of the urinary tract and multiply • Bacteria first infect the urethra, then move to the bladder and finally to the kidneys • UTI tend to occur more in women than men

25. Symptoms of UTIs • Urge to urinate but only small amount of urine produced • Pain and burning sensation in bladder • Fever • Blood in urine