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Links From The Past. Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com. Native American Homes. InfluencesEnvironmentCulture. CharacteristicsSimple structures, dirt floorsNo windows or chimneysDark and crowdedLittle furniturePossessions stored on shelves hung from walls.
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1. American Housing Styles
3. Native American Homes Influences
Environment
Culture Characteristics
Simple structures, dirt floors
No windows or chimneys
Dark and crowded
Little furniture
Possessions stored on shelves hung from walls
4. Native American Homes Wigwam Tepee Hunting/gathering
Easily constructed
Easily carried
5. Native American Homes Longhouse
Iroquois Pueblos
Spanish for villages
Built on top of each other into cliffs and caves
Adobe: sun-dried clay bricks Permanent homes
6. The First Colonists No shelter upon landing
Had few tools and materials
Followed native people examples
Most were temporary
Huts of bark and branches
Shed like roofed house built into the side of a hill
7. Early American Period: 1640-1720 Permanent homes patterned after ones left behind
Modifications made to suit weather conditions/terrain
More people meant workforce became more specialized Local material used
Wood in New England
Local stone
Brick making clay
8. English Settlements Half-timbered houses
Wood frame of the house formed part of outside wall
Spaces between beams filled in with brick or plaster
Thatch roofs (bundles of reeds or straw)
Huge chimney served one or more fireplaces
Windows small: reduced heat loss and glass was expensive
9. English Settlements Simple rectangular design
Central chimney
Pitched roof (gabled roof)
Ell-extension built at right angles to the length of structure added as families grew
Little usable space on second floor
Dormer windows added
Allowed for interior space for full-sized rooms Northeastern Colonies: Cape Cod Houses
10. Salt-box Began as a two-story pitched roof house
Need for extra space-added additional set of rooms along the back
Roof line down to cover the addition
Long slope similar to sloping cover on the wooden saltboxes used in colonial kitchens
11. Garrison House Second story that overhangs the first story
First used on forts or garrisons to prevent attackers from scaling the walls
12. German Settlements German
Mostly settled in Southeastern PA
Large, durable houses of wood and quarry stone
Entry into first-floor kitchen
Some had an abbreviated roof or “hood” between 1st and 2nd stories
13. Dutch Settlements Dutch
First settlements in New Amsterdam (NY)
Stone and brick/ houses large by colonial standards
Known for decorative brickwork and intricate stepped gables Distinctive roof: Gambrel
Metal gutters, small windows with sliding shutters
Dutch door-door divided in half horizontally
14. Spanish Settlements Florida and southwest
Early homes built from coquina, a soft porous limestone composed of shell & coral
Rectangular with balconies that faced the street
Kitchens often separate
Interior simple and whitewashed plaster walls, beamed ceilings, earthen floors
Tile on roof
15. Spanish Settlements Southwest
Adobe walls, flat roofs, rough-hewn beams projecting through the outside
Walls and deep-set windows California
Covered with adobe, brick, or stucco
Stucco: plaster material made with cement, sand, lime
Rounded archways and windows
Red tile roofs
16. Swedish Settlements American log cabin has Swedish origins
Primitive, small building
Sometimes divided into 2 rooms with an attic above
Originally roof was of bark or thatch
Wood shingles used later
Modified from one-room to two-rooms connected with breezeway
Known as a dog-trot
17. Swedish Settlements
18. French Settlements St. Lawrence River
Stone or wood with high, steep roofs common in French country
Small closed windows with heavy wooden shutters
Closed to protect the occupants from cold weather Mississippi Valley
Adaptations made for hot and humid weather
Porch added covered by a broad roof extending around the house
Improved air circulation
Usually white
Rooms had many doors and windows for air flow
19. French Settlements Pictures