American Housing Styles

1. American Housing Styles Home Environment Division 7 Decatur County Smyrna Guys & Gals Aaron Mang

2. Links From The Past Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

3. Influences Environment Culture Characteristics Simple structures, dirt floors No windows or chimneys Dark and crowded Little furniture Possessions stored on shelves hung from walls Native American Homes Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

4. Native American Homes Wigwam Tepee • Hunting/gathering • Easily constructed • Easily carried Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

5. Native American Homes • Longhouse • Iroquois • Pueblos • Spanish for villages • Built on top of each other into cliffs and caves • Adobe: sun-dried clay bricks • Permanent homes Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

6. The First Colonists • No shelter upon landing • Had few tools and materials • Followed native people examples • Most were temporary • Huts of bark and branches • Shed like roofed house built into the side of a hill Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

7. Permanent homes patterned after ones left behind Modifications made to suit weather conditions/terrain More people meant workforce became more specialized Local material used Wood in New England Local stone Brick making clay Early American Period: 1640-1720 Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

8. English Settlements • Half-timbered houses • Wood frame of the house formed part of outside wall • Spaces between beams filled in with brick or plaster • Thatch roofs (bundles of reeds or straw) • Huge chimney served one or more fireplaces • Windows small: reduced heat loss and glass was expensive Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

9. English Settlements • Simple rectangular design • Central chimney • Pitched roof (gabled roof) • Ell-extension built at right angles to the length of structure added as families grew • Little usable space on second floor • Dormer windows added • Allowed for interior space for full-sized rooms • Northeastern Colonies: Cape Cod Houses Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

10. Salt-box • Began as a two-story pitched roof house • Need for extra space-added additional set of rooms along the back • Roof line down to cover the addition • Long slope similar to sloping cover on the wooden saltboxes used in colonial kitchens Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

11. Garrison House • Second story that overhangs the first story • First used on forts or garrisons to prevent attackers from scaling the walls Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

12. German Mostly settled in Southeastern PA Large, durable houses of wood and quarry stone Entry into first-floor kitchen Some had an abbreviated roof or “hood” between 1st and 2nd stories German Settlements Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

13. Dutch First settlements in New Amsterdam (NY) Stone and brick/ houses large by colonial standards Known for decorative brickwork and intricate stepped gables Distinctive roof: Gambrel Metal gutters, small windows with sliding shutters Dutch door-door divided in half horizontally Dutch Settlements Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

14. Spanish Settlements • Florida and southwest • Early homes built from coquina, a soft porous limestone composed of shell & coral • Rectangular with balconies that faced the street • Kitchens often separate • Interior simple and whitewashed plaster walls, beamed ceilings, earthen floors • Tile on roof Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

15. Spanish Settlements • Southwest • Adobe walls, flat roofs, rough-hewn beams projecting through the outside • Walls and deep-set windows • California • Covered with adobe, brick, or stucco • Stucco: plaster material made with cement, sand, lime • Rounded archways and windows • Red tile roofs Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

16. Swedish Settlements • American log cabin has Swedish origins • Primitive, small building • Sometimes divided into 2 rooms with an attic above • Originally roof was of bark or thatch • Wood shingles used later • Modified from one-room to two-rooms connected with breezeway • Known as a dog-trot Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

17. Swedish Settlements Dog-trot log cabins Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

18. St. Lawrence River Stone or wood with high, steep roofs common in French country Small closed windows with heavy wooden shutters Closed to protect the occupants from cold weather Mississippi Valley Adaptations made for hot and humid weather Porch added covered by a broad roof extending around the house Improved air circulation Usually white Rooms had many doors and windows for air flow French Settlements Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com

19. French Settlements • Pictures Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com