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African Timeline

African Timeline. 1920’s Cultural Nationalism grows amongst elite 1930-1 Gold Coast farmers first “cocoa holdups” 1951 Nkrumah wins national elections in Ghana 1958 De Gaulle offers commonwealth status 1967 Biafra secedes from Nigeria 1980 Blacks rule Zimbabwe after long civil war

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African Timeline

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  1. African Timeline • 1920’s Cultural Nationalism grows amongst elite • 1930-1 Gold Coast farmers first “cocoa holdups” • 1951 Nkrumah wins national elections in Ghana • 1958 De Gaulle offers commonwealth status • 1967 Biafra secedes from Nigeria • 1980 Blacks rule Zimbabwe after long civil war • 1994 Mandela elected president of South Africa

  2. AFRICA The Dutchman Knantaga

  3. Imperialism • Most territories of Africa controlled by European power starting about 1880 • After WWII most territories quickly and relatively peacefully gain independence • Very diverse region • over 800 distinct languages • 1000s of political grouping - tribal, regional, national • huge, fast growing population.

  4. Imperial System • 1900 most of Africa had been conquered or “pacified” • shatters traditions social order and values • shift toward cash economy - esp. W. Africa • How Europeans ruled • British - indirect control through local leaders supervised by whites • French - direct control through appointed leaders (black or white).

  5. Imperial System • Purpose of the system was “good government” • law and order • large African police force to preserve order and property, suppress tribal warfare, collect head tax • governments are self supporting • limited public services • why? • contribution to less current industrialization • Draw interior of Africa into world economy • Railroads penetrate interior: Ghost and the Darkness.

  6. Independence • Ghana • British arrive and smash Ashanti army in 1873 • renamed Gold Coast • very linked to world economy • cocoa beans for chocolate • role of women • Great Depression fuels agitation • WWII increases local power • Europeans support notion of “self-rule” • first nation to declare independence 1957.

  7. Kwame Nkrumah(1909-1972) • studies in US for ten years • “Africa for Africans” • believes Africans can never win justice in countries with white majorities • returns in 1948 - creates mass party • “Self Government Now!” • stages riots and strikes • 1951 campaigns from jail for interim govt • 1957 Ghana is independent.

  8. French Colonies • Attempts to maintain control of colonies by giving aid from 1947-57 • De Gaulle offers African colonies the option of joining a French commonwealth • splits independence parties • Elite in power in Africa and France • fails with 1958 plan of Guinea • last nation leaves Commonwealth in 1964.

  9. South Africa Apartheid - view that black Africans were temporary residents - WW II changes society - limits on voting, land use, jobs, marriages, registration, need to carry papers, education.

  10. Apartheid • Interview on the meaning of Apartheid Click here

  11. Apartheid Passes were required for any movement around a city or the nation.

  12. Nelson Mandelab. 1918 • Born the son of a Tembu Chieftan • Joins the African National Congress • 1956 on trial for treason - acquitted • 1962 arrested a second time - convicted of sabotage and treason while in prison • de Klerk frees Mandela in 1990 and lifts ban on ANC • wins Nobel Peace Prize with de Klerk in 1993 • wins election in 1994.

  13. The Notorious Green Car Bester - 1995 Artist locked in jail for “loitering” during apartheid Green cars and the yellow webbing come from police cars..

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