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Autism

Autism. Daniel Fuller. History of Autism. Term came about in the early 1900’s Dr. Leo Kanner Group of Disorders: PDD Increase in number of cases. Low levels of Melatonin. Abnormality in ASMT Encodes last enzyme in Melatonin Biosynthesis pathway Melatonin affects synaptic plasticity

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Autism

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  1. Autism Daniel Fuller

  2. History of Autism • Term came about in the early 1900’s • Dr. Leo Kanner • Group of Disorders: PDD • Increase in number of cases

  3. Low levels of Melatonin • Abnormality in ASMT • Encodes last enzyme in Melatonin Biosynthesis pathway • Melatonin affects synaptic plasticity • Weakened neuronal network

  4. Serotonin • Serotonin is involved in neurodevelopment and is a neuron transmitter • Hyperserotonemia • Tryptophan hydroxylase

  5. Exposure to Valproic Acid and Thalidamide • Shift in serotonin neuron densities • Reduced presence of mRNA’s in the Shh pathway • Affects embryo development as well as maturation of serotonin neurons

  6. Methylation of DNA • Methylation of a cytosine at a CpG site • 5’ position • Causes reduced expression of RORA • Involved in lipid metabolism

  7. GABAB receptors • Abnormalities and deficiencies in these receptors in autistic individuals • Involved in neuron protection • Protect from apoptosis • Mechanism

  8. Increased propionic acid levels • Weak acid, can exist in both aqueous and lipid solutions • Alters brain fatty acid metabolism • Causes: deficiencies in carnitine and alterations in biotin

  9. Oxytocin • Influences human behavior, neurotransmitter • Hypermethylation of certain CpG sites causes reduced function in the oxytocin receptor • Oxytocin receptor has been seen deleted in some cases

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