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Semester One People Exam Review 2014.
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Semester One People Exam Review 2014
Italian diplomat who lived 1478-1529. Publiahed Famous Renaissance book, The Book of the Courtier. This became the archetype for the “Renaissance Man,” who was versed in liberal arts and social graces, as contrasted to the more unrefined Middle Ages Knight.
This German philosopher, a believer of Darwinism, founded Monism, which postulates that humans are simply a part of nature. In 1899, The Riddle of the Universe was published to wide acclaim.
An English maker of pottery and china, he developed the pyrometer (measures temperature in kilns) and was able to produce inexpensive china. He is also noted for introducing mechanization to the porcelain industry.
He became Czar of Russia in 1825 and was immediately faced with the Decembrist Revolt, which he crushed. He was a firm follower of autocracy and stressed conservative policies that forced many of Russia’s liberal intellectuals to flee.
During their reign, they captured Granada from the Moors in 1492, took powers away from the Church courts, and the nobility, and forcibly united a kingdom with a Catholic identity through the Inquisition.
He was a British author who believed that population growth was a great danger. He believed that it was impossible for agricultural output to keep pace with expanding population and that social, political and economic crisis would ensue if population growth was not checked.
Puritan leader of the Roundhead army in the English Civil War who defeated Charles I and established a republic, or commonwealth, in England. He ruled as “Lord Protector” from 1653 – 58, the period known as the “Interregnum” in England.
Swiss leader of Protestantismand advocate of predestination who creates theocracies in Swiss cantons. His ideas led to a large following in France, known as the Huguenots.
German philosopher who rejected traditional rational philosophy. He claimed God was dead and that there were “superman” who would come to govern and run societies over ordinary men.
Became King of France in 1814; the conservative Congress of Vienna restored him to power. He was the brother of Louis XVI and ruled as a constitutional monarch until his death in 1824. (known as "the Desired", was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1814 to 1824 except for a period in 1815 known as the Hundred Days.)
British idealist who believed that industrial workers and owners needed to work cooperatively in order to create an ideal working and living situation. He tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana.
Dutch sailor who searched for the Northwest Passage and claimed much of Northern Canada when he was employed by the British.
French clergyman and revolutionary, author of “What is the Third Estate,” which expressed the pains and complaints of the Third Estate, around which the revolutionary Third Estate rallied.
German artist who lived from 1471-1528. Famous for his woodcuts and copper engravings. Influenced by Venetian artists, he was versed in classical teachings and humanism. He also the first to create printed illustrations in books.
Ruler of France 1744-1492. Successor of Louis XV. Married Antoinette, and nearly bankrupted France by supporting the American Revolution. Beheaded by the guillotine in January of 1793, on the orders of the National Convention.
Italian navigator who crossed the Atlantic several times and officially called the land thought by Columbus to be Asia the “New World.” Later a German cartographer renamed this land “America” in honor of his work.
Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War.
Son of Charles V and a devout Catholic, he was the Hapsburg ruler of Spain for 1556-1598. He led the Spanish Counter-Reformation but failed to invade Protestant England with his Spanish Armada.
Born in Austria in 1756, he was a musical child prodigy, Until his death in 1791, he produced masterpieces in almost every genre. Among his famous works are The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro.
Monk who was commissioned by Pope Leo X to raise money for the Church and was sent throughout northern Germany to sell indulgences. This outraged Martin Luther and other critics if the Church and played a role in the start of the Reformation.
Ruler of the Netherlands who led a revolt for independence against Hapsburg Philip II of Spain. He and his wife Mary were crowned joint monarchs of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1689. Their accession, known as the ‘Glorious Revolution’, marked an important transition towards parliamentary rule as we know it today.
An Austrian journalist (1860-1904) who called for the creation of a Jewish homeland. This movement, called Zionism, spread throughout Europe and the USA.
Conservative Austrian leader, who, as representative of Royal Family at the Congress of Vienna, led the reactionary forces in shaping the early 19th century. He worked to keep liberal ideas at bay in Austria until 1859.
Tudor Queen of England. Succeeded Mary I in 1558 and ruled until 1603. In addition to leading the defeat of he Spanish Armada and developing England into a world power, she strengthened Protestantism. Daughter of Henry VIII.
Hohenzollern ruler of Brandenburg, Prussia, after the end of the Thirty Years’ War. Known as “the Great Elector” who improved and rebuilt the state.
