Semester I Exam Review 2014

1. Chapters 1-4 Semester I Exam Review 2014

2. Which is the sugar component of a DNA nucleotide? • A. Deoxyribose • B. Adenine • C. Glucose • D. Phosphate

3. A. Deoxyribose

4. Which substances are components of a DNA nucleotide? • A. Ribose, phosphate, and uracil • B. Phosphate, ribose, and adenine • C. Phosphate, deoxyribose, and uracil • D. Thymine, deoxyribose, and phosphate

5. D. Thymine, deoxyribose, and phosphate

6. The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism’s • Nitrogenous bases • Transfer RNA molecules • DNA nucleotide sequence • Amino acids

7. DNA nucleotide sequence

8. Which two bases are present in equal amounts in a double-stranded DNA molecule? • Cytosine and thymine • Adenine and thymine • Adenine and uracil • Cytosine and uracil

9. Adenine and thymine

10. During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for “unzipping” the DNA molecule? • DNA polymerase • DNA restriction enzymes • DNA ligase • DNA helicase

11. DNA helicase

12. A human DNA segment was inserted into a bacterial cell and became incorporated into the bacterial DNA. This technique is an example of • Cloning • Genetic counseling • Artificial selection • Genetic engineering

13. Genetic engineering

14. Which technique is used to alter bacteria in such a way that they produce human insulin? • Hydrolysis • DNA replication • Recombinant DNA formation • Genetic screening

15. Recombinant DNA formation

16. The insertion of a human DNA fragment into a bacterial cell might make it possible for • The bacterial cell to produce a human protein • The cloning of the human that donated that DNA fragment • Humans to become immune to an infection by this type of bacteria • The cloning of this type of bacteria

17. The bacterial cell to produce a human protein

18. Many diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of • Using radiation to trigger mutations • Genetic mapping of bacterial DNA to activate the gene for insulin production • Deleting many DNA segments from bacterial DNA • Inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring-shaped DNA of bacteria

19. Inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring-shaped DNA of bacteria

20. A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth’s DNA. In this technology, the original DNA sample is used toa. stimulate differentiation in other mammoth cells.B. Act as a template for repeated replicationc. Provide fragments to replace certain human body chemicals.D. Trigger mitosis to obtain new base sequences

21. Act as a template for repeated replication

22. Scientists have cloned sheep, but not a human. The best explanation for this situation is that • There are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans • The technology to clone humans has not been explored • Human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals • Cloning humans would take too long.

23. What is the genetically engineered curdling agent in the cheese lab? • Rennen • Chymosin • Buttermilk • Whole Milk

24. Chymosin

25. Why did scientists produce recombinant rennin? • 1. Produce large quantities. • 2. Cheaper.

26. Biuret solution is an indicator for what substance? • Starch • Glucose • Fats • Proteins

27. Proteins

28. What color does iodine turn in the presence of starch? • Rusty yellow. • Clear • Purple/blue • Yellow/orange

29. Tomato plants in a garden are not growing well. The gardener hypothesizes that the soil is too acidic. To test this hypothesis accurately, the gardener could • Change the pH of the soil • Plant seeds of a different kind of plant • Move the tomato plants to an area with less sunlight • Reduce the amount of water available to the plant

30. Change the pH of the soil

31. To locate a specimen on a prepared slide, a student should begin with the low-power objective rather that the high-power objective because the • Field of vision is smaller under low power than under high power • Field of vision is larger under low power than under high power • Specimen does not need to be stained for observation under low power but must be stained for observation under high power • Portion of the specimen that can be observed under low power is less than the portion that can be observed under high power.

32. Field of vision is larger under low power than under high power

33. To measure 50 mL, which tool would be the most accurate? • Micropipet • Pipet • graduated cylinder • Balance • Microcentrifuge tube

34. Graduated cylinder

35. 5 kg is equal to _______g • 500 • 5000 • 0.005 • 0.0005

36. 5000

37. Which group of measurements contains only metric units? • 5 in, 3 kg, 40 oz • 5 mm, 3 g, 40 lb • 5 in, 3 lb, 40 mL • 5 mm, 3 g, 40 mL

38. 5 mm, 3 g, 40 mL

39. Which objective of a compound microscope would show the largest field of view? • 20x • 5x • 10x • 44x

40. 5x

41. Proteins are synthesized from less complex organic compounds known as: • Carbons • Starches • Amino acids • enzymes

42. Amino acids

43. In what organelle is DNA found? • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Endoplasmic reticulum • Lysosome

44. nucleus

45. Which enzyme “pastes” rDNA fragments together? • Transformation enzyme • Restriction enzyme • DNA ligase • DNA polymerase • Nuclease enzyme

46. DNA ligase

47. A product that has entered the product pipeline • Is ready for clinical testing to begin. • Is being produced on a large scale by the manufacturing department • Has been determined safe and effective • Needs to be reviewed regularly with a comprehensive product development plan.

48. Needs to be reviewed regularly with a comprehensive product development plan

49. Biotechnology research labs are commonly found at all of the following facilities except • Universities • Medical clinics • Companies • Government agencies

50. Medical clinics