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ACID REACTIONS

ACID REACTIONS. ACID WITH WATER acid + water  hydronium ion + negative ion Ex) HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl - HNO 3 + H 2 O  H 3 O + + NO3 - BASE WITH WATER – dissociation is all that occurs NaOH  Na + + OH - Ca (OH) 2 Ca 2+ + 2OH -.

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ACID REACTIONS

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  1. ACID REACTIONS • ACID WITH WATER acid + water  hydronium ion + negative ion Ex) HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl- HNO3 + H2O  H3O+ + NO3- • BASE WITH WATER – dissociation is all that occurs NaOH Na+ + OH- Ca(OH)2Ca2+ + 2OH-

  2. 3) ACID WITH A METAL – single displacement reaction PATTERN: acid + metal  salt + hydrogen gas HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 + H2 H2SO4 + Mg  MgSO4 + H2 4) ACID WITH A CARBONATE PATTERN: acid + carbonate  salt + water+ carbon dioxide 2HCl + CaCO3 H2O + CO2 + CaCl2 H2SO4 + MgCO3 H2O + CO2 + MgSO4

  3. 5) ACID WITH A BASE– neutralization reaction PATTERN: acid + base  salt + water Ex) HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl H2SO4 + KOH  H2O + K2SO4 6)Reaction of the oxide of a metal (with water) - Oxides of metals react with water to form basic solutions & are called BASIC OXIDES or BASIC ANHYDRIDES PATTERN: oxide of metal + water  base Ex) CaO + HOH  Ca(OH)2 Li2O + HOH  2LiOH

  4. 7) Reaction of the oxide of a non-metal with water • Oxides of non-metals react with water to produce an acidic solution & are called ACIDIC OXIDES or ACIDIC ANYDRIDES Ex) CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 (carbonic acid) SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) * this is how acid rain forms 8) Alkali metal with water PATTERN: alkali metal + water  base + hydrogen Ex) 2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2 The more reactive metals in Group II react similarly Ca + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2+ H2 9) Amphoteric Substances • Substances which can act as either an acid or a base • Water is the most common amphoteric substance Ex) HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl- NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- (base) (acid)

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