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THE PROGRESSIVES

THE PROGRESSIVES. ROOSEVELT Taft Wilson. Rough Riding President. Privelaged life Great Outdoorsman New York Politics US Navy Rough Riders. Modern Presidency. Vice President to Wm. McKinnley (assassinated) That Damn Cowboy “speak softly and carry a big stick”

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THE PROGRESSIVES

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  1. THE PROGRESSIVES • ROOSEVELT • Taft • Wilson

  2. Rough RidingPresident • Privelaged life • Great Outdoorsman • New York Politics • US Navy • Rough Riders

  3. Modern Presidency • Vice President to Wm. McKinnley (assassinated) • That Damn Cowboy • “speak softly and carry a big stick” • “Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.”

  4. Modern Presidency • Commander of Rough Riders • Boxer (detatched retina in eye) • started panama canal • Nobel Peace Prize • Congressional Medal of Honor • set aside 230 million acres of land for conservation • wrote 30 books • wounded in the chest by a would-be assassin’s bullet, butdelivered a 90 minute speech before being rushed to the hospital • His 6 kids took their pony into the white house elevator, frightened White house visitors with a 4 foot king snake, and dropped water balloons on the heads of the white house guards

  5. Teddy Roosevelt • it is said of Teddy that he so wanted to be the center of attention that he wanted to be: • “ the bride at the wedding, the corpse at the funeral, and the baby at the christening”

  6. Modern Presidency • Acted boldly • believed in federal responsibility for national welfare • Gov’t should take control when states couldn’t do their job • president is the “steward of the people” • President has right to do whatever necessary as long as consitution doesn’t say otherwise

  7. Teddy Roosevelt and the Constitution • He believed that the Constitution • had not forseen corporate monopolies • and • since the trade crossed state lines • it was the federal gov’ts duty to oversee these monoliths -especially the railroads!

  8. Modern Presidency • Bully Pulpit

  9. Teddy’s Square Deal • 1. Control of Corporations • 2. consumer protection • 3. conservationism

  10. Teddy’s Square Deal • Roosevelt believed a president must “do anything” a country needed, as long as it was legal Speaker Joe Cannon complained Roosevelt had, “no more use for the Constitution than a tomcat has for a marriage license.”

  11. Trustbusting • Trustbusting • coal strike • railroads

  12. Busting Trusts Good and bad Teddy didn’t con sider bigness =badness. His intent: symbolically prove Gov’t - not big business - ran the country • http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trr26.html

  13. TrustbustingNorthern Securities

  14. 1902 Northern Securities Company • The gov’t SUED THE NORTHERN SECURITES COMPANY! • Northern Securities was owned by J.P. Morgan (the world’s most powerful capitalist) and James Hill and Edward Harriman. It controlled all U.S. train traffic from chicago to the northwest

  15. 1902 Northern Securitiestrust busting • Having ranched in the Dakota badlands, Teddy knew how many americans resented the rr. • Fighting J.P. Morgan would please the masses but anger the Republican party • JP Morgan thought Teddy should have done the “gentlemanly thing” and just discussed it with him privately. Morgan had to buy up vast pieces of his own stock to save the company • Like Adams and Andrew Jackson, Teddy was taking a large risk by challenging the citadels of power

  16. 1902 Coal Strike

  17. 1902 Coal Strike • It was a cold winter! Hospitals freezing, children shivering in their beds, 100,000 Pa. coal miners striking.

  18. 1902 coal Strike • Roosevelt invited John Mitchell of United mine workers and the Coal Mine owners to a meeting • “Chuck them out the window” • If you don’t find a solution, I’ll send in federal troops (to help labor!) • He called on his enemy JP Morgan to help. Morgan still facing arbitration on the Northern Securities issue.... • that is the way business is done!

  19. Railroad Regulation

  20. Railroad Octopus • 1887 Interstate Commerce Commission - inadequate • Congress passes Elkins Act 1903- no rebates! • congress passes the Hepburn Act 1906- no free passes • Gave ICC teeth

  21. Health Can you Guess What This is? Soybean oil, pickles, distilled vinegar, water, sugar, egg yolks, high fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, mustard flour, salt, xanthan gum, potassium sorbate as a preservative, natural flavor, spice and spice extractives, dehydrated garlic, hydrolyzed soy, corn and wheat protein, extractive of onion and paprika, calcium disodium EDTA to protect flavor

  22. Caring for the consumer • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle • “aimed for the heart but hit the stomach” Mary had a little lamb, and when she saw it sicken, she shipped it off to Packingtown, And now it’s labeled chicken.

  23. Caring for the consumer • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle • “aimed for the heart but hit the stomach”

  24. Caring For the Consumer • Meat Inspection Act 1906 (Big business loved that!) • Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

  25. Conservation

  26. Conservation • No one taking care of the Great Outdoors • Forests cleared, Prairies plowed, logging led to floods, cities dumped sewage • Roosevelt wanted to wake people up- these resources are not limitless • Named Gifford Pinchot head of US Forest Service - professional conservationist

  27. Conservation • Opposite of professional conservationism was John Muir who advocated complete preservation • Conservationist thought some wilderness areas preserved and some managed for the common good • Newlands Act of 1902- $ from sale public lands funded large scale irrigation projects • Sierra Club • Boys Scouts • Jack London’s Call of the Wild

  28. CIVIL RIGHTS

  29. Failed to support Civil Rights on a whole but did support certain individuals • invited Booker T Washington to dinner • Dubois book Souls of Black Folk faulted Washington for blaming black poverty on blacks • created NAACP - aimed for full equality of blacks among whites • *Progressives did not support racial equality

  30. 17.4 Progressivism under Taft

  31. Election of 1904 • Conservative Republicans not too happy; JP Morgan not thrilled. • Teddy handily defeats Democrat Parker Election Year bonus Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 against Northern Securities Irritated that his own appointee, Justice Oliver Wendall Holmes, had opposed the decision, Roosevelt said, “he could carve a judge with more backbone than that from a banana.” Now the Big Moneyed rich will Fear Him

  32. 1904 will be my Last Term • He said he wasn’t running a third term... • Panic of 1907 • 1908 Election- TR goes to Africa to hunt big game

  33. 1908 Election Before Teddy Left: 1. Enlarged power of presidency 2. shaped progressive mov’t 3. Helped americans realized they shared the world with others. • http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trm78.html

  34. Election of 1908 William Jennings Bryan Democrat Republican Taft Eugene V. Debs Socialist Vote for taft this time you can vote for Bryan anytime

  35. Taft as president • Teddy was all about the middle road b/w individualism and collectivism • But Taft was more of the Trustbuster • Poor job of judging public opinion - not the showmaster that Teddy was.

  36. Taft as a Trustbuster • 1911 the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company (it had bought up a smaller Pa. Mine) because it violated the Sherman Anti-Trust act • Rule of Reason: only those combinations that “unreasonably” restrained trade were illegal. • This allowed the gov’t to cherry pick which cases to enforce and which ones to ignore • Taft decided to pursue antitrust suit against U.S. Steel Corporation

  37. Taft Splits the Republican Party wanted to lower the tariff A very progressive idea but Sen. Aldrich added all types of revisions Taft signed the Payne-aldrich bill betraying his campaign promises because this bill did not lower tariffs!

  38. Taft Splits the Republican Party Conservation: Pinchot- Ballinger issue appointed Sec. of Interior mr. Ballinger. He disaproved of conservationist control and he pulled million acres from reserve list Pinchot protested - taft fired Pinchot

  39. Republican Party Splits Over These issues • Republican Progressives vs. Republican Conservatives • Taft supports Joseph Cannon (speaker of the house) who as chairman of House Rules committee controlled bills that came to floor - sometimes he ignored progressive bills • eventually change house rules and speaker of house can’t serve on that commitee anymore

  40. Election of 1912

  41. Bull Moose Party

  42. Teddy is Mad! BIG BUSINESS REQUIRES BIG GOV’T • Oswatomie, Kansas • Teddy Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” • urged the nat’l gov’t to increase its power to remedy economic and social abuses

  43. Bull Moose Party He’s back! Teddy decides to run for presidency again! This time under the Bull Moose Party

  44. Election of 1912 REPUBLICAN PARTY PLATFORM • High import tariffs. • Put limitations on female and child labor. • Workman’s Compensation Laws. • Against initiative, referendum, and recall. • Against “bad” trusts. • Creation of a Federal Trade Commission. • Stay on the gold standard. • Conservation of natural resources because they are finite. REPUBLICAN PARTY AND PRESIDENT TAFT

  45. Election of 1912 THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY PLATFORM NEW NATIONALISM • Women’s suffrage. • Graduated income tax. • Inheritance tax for the rich. • Lower tariffs. • Limits on campaign spending. • Currency reform. • Minimum wage laws. • Social insurance. • Abolition of child labor. • Workmen’s compensation. THE BULL MOOSE OR PROGRESSIVE PARTY

  46. Election of 1912 SOCIALIST PARTY PLATFORM • Government ownership of railroads and utilities. • Guaranteed income tax. • No tariffs. • 8-hour work day. • Better housing. • Government inspection of factories. • Women’s suffrage. THE SOCIALIST PARTY EUGENE V. DEBS

  47. Election of 1912 DEMOCRATIC PARTY PLATFORM NEW FREEDOM • Government control of the monopolies trusts in general were bad eliminate them!! • Tariff reduction. • One-term President. • Direct election of Senators. • Create a Department of Labor. • Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. • Did NOT support women’s suffrage. • Opposed to a central bank. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY WOODROW WILSON

  48. THE ELECTION OF 1912THE ISSUES

  49. 1912 BALLOT

  50. Woodrow Wilson wins the Election of 1912 significant

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