MEDICINE IN MIDDLE AGES

1. MEDICINE IN MIDDLE AGES Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARATAŞ Department of History of Medicine and Ethics

2. Medicine In Middle Ages 500 AD-1500 AD • Firstperiod • Secondperiod: Mostlyphilosophica, Underinfluence of ancientmedicine (Greek-Roma cultures) Christianity appeared as a monotheistic religion in Roman Empire and in 4rd century became a state religion.

3. Jesus / Plague

4. Religion/Disease • Jewish • Christian • Muslim

5. Jesus

7. Medicine In Middle Ages • Caring for the sick people began as a charity in the early Christian world and nuns began to care for the sick in medieval ages. Medicinal plants exist in herb gardens in the monasteries. They were called hortuli. • Early hospitals: After 335 AD. • 1145 Montpellier–Holy Ghost Hospital

9. St Helena hospital (330 AD) Rome • Fabiola (343-420 AD) The first Christian community hospital

10. EmperorConstantine

11. Medicine In Middle Ages Schools of medicine in theMiddleAgesItaly (9th century) • Milano • Salerno • Padova • Bologna • Napoli Montpellier (France) Whilereligionwasveryinfluential at first on theseschools, itsinfluencestartedtodecrease in time and in 1130 practice of medicinewasprohibitedforclergymen.

12. Thereareimportantdifferencesbetweenthestatus of priestsandPhysician • Saint Benedict

13. Physician / Saint Humilitas

14. PaduaUniversity

15. Montpellier

16. Thefourelements

17. Famous physicians • Luca • Pantaleon • Cosmas & Damian

18. cosmas & damian

19. CosmasandDamianmurder

20. Miraculous Healings • Christ performed some miraculous healings, and this is depicted in the iconography of western art. It was believed that cure of the disease was only possible through praying. So patients expected miraculous healings from Christ. In the Christian west in middle ages, they emphasized the salvation of the soul rather than the body. • People believed that Saints had an ability to heal patients and they expected health from different Saints. People who had toothache had to pray Saint Apolanaire, St. Antony was responsibly for curing fevers, St.Roch for plague etc.

23. Saint Lucy

24. Saint Mary

25. Miraculous Healings Evil could be everywhere and could challenge human beings. Psychiatric patients were believed to be in cooperation with evil and they were burned in public in town centers. Sometimes priests tried to take devil from their body. This called was exorcism and in fact, they applied serious torture procedures to those poor patients.

26. Woman / Devil

28. Medicine In Middle Ages Monasticism Monasticism was a part of the Middle Age culture. Following the hermitic tradition of separation from worldly society, monks lived in monasteries.

29. Examinationanddissection

30. Student / Dissection

31. Epidemics in the Middle Age Diseases prevalent Through the Middle Ages leprosy and plague were important diseases. Leprosy people were stigmatized in western world and separated from the society. In fact, a variety of skin diseases were also identified as leprosy. Epidemics of typhus, smallpox, and other diseases spread with crusaders through the continent. Plague was the most horrible disease and was called as Black Death. Especially plague epidemics influenced societies so deeply. Many people died with this epidemic and those scenes were described place in the Western art later on.

32. Plague

33. Konuyla İlgili SORU/CEVAP Soru 1: Ortaçağ döneminde İtalya’da bulunan üç ünlü tıp okulu hangileriydi? Cevap 1: Milano, Salerno, Padova Soru 2: Orataçağ döneminde dünyada özellikle etkili olan hastalıklar nelerdi? Cevap 2: Veba, lepra, çiçek, tifüs

34. References • A. Selim ATAY, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, translation • Tolga GÜVEN, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD ders notları • Ali Haydar BAYAT, Tıp Tarihi • Emine ATABEK, Şefik GÖRKEY, Başlangıcından Rönesansa Kadar Tıp Tarihi • Çağlar Boyu Tıp, Roche Yayınları • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page