Women in the Western World since the 16 th century

1. Women in the Western World since the 16th century Shelby Best-Miller, Jaclyn Rodrigues, Erin Rousseau & Chelsea Morris Women Making History

2. The daily life of women 16th century – 18th century

3. 16th century women • Most professions were unavailable • There jobs were useless and low paid • Usually housewives • Helped run the farms • Self-sufficient households • Women were responsible for running the house E.R.

4. 16th century women continued... • Tasks of a housewife: bake bread, brew beer, curing bacon, salt the meat, make pickles, jellies and preserves • All tasks done daily E.R.

5. 16th century women continued... • Women makes soap and candles too • Also spun wool and linen • As well, women milked cows, fed animals, grew herbs and vegetables • A woman also had to clean and cook for the entire family E.R.

6. 16th century women continued... • Women were expected to have knowledge regarding medicine • Middle class women were kept very busy • The wealthy women had duties too • Rich women had to organize and direct servants • Rich women hunted deer and rabbits E.R.

7. 16th century women continued... • Married women were supposed to obey their husbands • Women seen as they weaker vessel • Men allowed to hit their wives • Violent age were physical abuse was acceptable E.R.

8. 16th century women continued... • A married woman could not own property • Marriages were usually arranged • Divorce was unknown • Legal age of marriage was 12 years old • Majority of women married in their mid 20`s E.R.

9. 16th century women continued... • Childbirth was dangerous • Many women died because on unsanitary midwives • Poor women gave birth once every 2 years E.R.

10. 17th century women Women in the 17th century shared similar traits and daily tasks as the women in the 16th century E.R.

11. 18th century women • There were three social classes that women were split into:- Upper-Working Class(wealthy), Lower-Working Class and the women of the under-class • More freedom to obtain jobs • Life for women in the eighteenth century consisted of many obligations and very few choices of their own E.R.

12. 18th century women continued... • Completely controlled by the men in their lives • Purpose in life was to get married and have many children and then take care of her family for the rest of her life • To stay single was frowned upon in society and ruined her family’s reputation E.R.

13. 18th century women continued... • A husband had a right to everything that the wife owned, including her body • If a woman was not happy and tried to escape an unhappy marriage, she could be banned by society and punished by the law • The men made sure that their wives were suitable women and good influences and showed respect to all men E.R.

14. Women’s role in the salons

15. The Salons Where were Salons first started? a) France b) Germany c) Britain S.B.M.

16. The Salons a) A place where women went to get their hair and make-up done in the 17th century What is a Salon? b) A room where an intellectually oriented hostess would entertain selected guests c) A room where an intellectually oriented group of people had lunch S.B.M.

17. Women and their roles in the salons • Gather to discuss politics, literature and other topics of interest • Women were seen as equal to men in the Salons S.B.M.

18. Literature

19. Jane austen One of the most famous women in literature was from the eighteenth century. Jane Austen was a major English novelist whose brilliantly constructed literature is still looked at today E.R.

20. Art

21. Mona Lisa Leonardo Da Vinci

22. Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci • A portrait of Mona Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo • DaVinci set a new standard for composition and expression of complex emotion • Most recognized painting in the world Significance: An ideal portrait, echoing renaissance interest in Platonic theory, when the beauty of the body reflects the soul. C.M.

23. Judith Slaying Holophernes Artemisia Gentileschi

24. Judith Slaying Holophernesby Artemisia Gentileschi • Depicts the biblical story in which Judith seduces and murders the marauder Holophernes with his own sword • Gentileschi was known for adapting the technique of chiaroscuro (the strong contrast of light and dark) as seen in many of her works Significance: Gentileschi was one of the first woman artists to make her mark in western history. C.M.

25. Odalisque Jean-Auguste Ingres

26. Odalisque by Jean-Auguste Ingres • Odalisque: female slave of a harem (Turkey) • Odalisques were among Ingres favorite subjects • Ingres often contorted the body to achieve desired poseSignificance: The painting is in a style recalling the renaissance however the subjects, a woman of a harem reflects foreign elements ofromantic thought. C.M.

27. Liberty Leading the People Eugene Delacroix

28. Liberty Leading the People by Eugene Delacroix • The three days of riots led to the downfall of Charles X and the enthronement of Louis-Philip despite the attempt of the people to re-establish the republic, the day is celebrated in the painting • The woman with the flag represents hope and urges people to follow her • Delacroix painted the woman as real instead of ideal Significance: This painting caused uproar at the salon of 1831 and indicated the critical meaning of contemporary art. C.M.

29. Women & the enlightenment

30. Women & the enlightenment Characteristics that impact women: • Freedom of thought • Freedom of expression • Supremacy of Reason • Emergence of the idea of equality • Education for all • The spread of intellectualism S.B.M.

31. Political activists & writers

32. Mary wollstonecraft • 1759 – 1797 • Wrote “A Vindication of The Rights of Woman” (1792) • An enlightened individual S.B.M.

33. Mary wollstoencraft’s significance • REASON = VIRTUE + KNOWLEDGE • Believed that man was responsible for their own actions S.B.M.

34. John stuart mill • 1806 - 1873 • A 19th century intellectual • Wrote “The Subjection of Women” (1896) • Believed there was injustice in society S.B.M.

35. John stuart mill’s significance • Campaigned against wife-beating in the 1820’s • Argued the following question: How can we be enlightened when 50% of the population is being treated with disrespect? S.B.M.

36. William thomson • 1824 - 1907 • Lord Kelvin • Wrote “An Appeal of One Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil and Domestic Slavery” S.B.M.

37. William thomson’s significance Stated that the home was not “the abode of calm bliss”, rather “the eternal prison-house of the wife...The house is his house, with everything in it; and all of the fixtures the most abjectly is his breeding-machine, the wife” S.B.M.

38. Women & Politics

39. Catherine de medici Significance • Involved in the “Wars of Religion”, most famously Saint Bartholomew’s massacre which is where the Parisian mobs wiped out hundreds of Huguenots (Protestants). This all happened under the command of Queen Catherine. • Saint Bartholomew’s massacre ended up killing 6000 Huguenots J.R.

40. Isabella of castile Significance • Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the couple that united Spain J.R.

41. Catherine of aragon Significance • Catherine was well-known for belonging to the House of Habsburg which was one of the most important royal houses in all of Europe and the fact that she was Henry VIII’s first wife. Henry wants to divorce Catherine of Aragon but cannot because of her connections to the Pope. The reformation begins in England as a result of this. J.R.

42. Mary i “Bloody Mary” Significance • Her reign was known as the Catholic restoration because she brought back Catholicism. J.R.

43. Elizabeth i Significance • Elizabeth I was known for her political excellence and her responsibility for starting England towards its economic and political power. Also because of her religious changes from her sisters Catholic restoration to making Protestantism the national faith of England. J.R.

44. Ann boleyn Significance • The marriage between Ann Boleyn and Henry VIII began the start of Anglicanism in England. J.R.

45. Jane seymour Significance • She was finally the wife that was able to provide Henry VIII with a son to heir to the throne and also because she was the only wife that was buried alongside him. J.R.

46. catherine the great Significance • Catherine the Great implemented all of these enlightened ideas but what about the serfs? She never helped to decrease the amount of serfs in Russia because she wanted to keep the nobility happy (serfs worked for the nobility). This completely contradicts her enlightened ways. J.R.

47. Marie antoinette Significance • Not only was Marie Antoinette known for her title as the Queen of France, she was known for alienating the nobility in France that eventually ended up creating many enemies for her husband Louis XVI. “Let them eat cake” is a popular saying from Marie Antoinette. People thought that her acts of kindness and her extravagant behaviour was the cause of the poor French economy at the time. J.R.

48. Josephine bonaparte Significance • Josephine was the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. Just like Catherine of Aragon to Henry VIII, she was not able to provide him a son to heir to the throne. J.R.

49. Marie louisebonaparte Significance • Marie Louise Bonaparte was the Empress of France even after Napoleon had to resign. She also helped to bring Austria and France together because of her connections to each. J.R.