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Troop 642 ARC First Aid and Preparedness Intro to CPR

Wednesday, May 03, 2006. Troop 642 Introduction to CPR. Welcome

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Troop 642 ARC First Aid and Preparedness Intro to CPR

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    1. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Troop 642 ARC First Aid and Preparedness (Intro to CPR) Tony Oaks (American Red Cross Instructor) Andy Bettisworth (American Red Cross Instructor Assistant) May 8

    2. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Welcome  Purpose of today’s class: Help you complete requirement 2 of your Swimming Merit Badge: Do the following: Identify the conditions that must exist before performing CPR on a person. Explain how to recognize such conditions. Demonstrate proper technique for performing CPR using a training device approved by your counselor. Remember: This is just an introduction: full CPR class is part of the Troop’s First Aid Merit Badge Swimmer CPR   Welcome and introduce yourself   Today we are going to introduce you to the topic of CPR. We will teach you enough CPR so that you can earn the Swimming Merit Badge at Summer Camp.   The Swimming Merit Badge Requirements like all aquatic merit badges includes this CPR requirement: Do the following: Identify the conditions that must exist before performing CPR on a person. Explain how to recognize such conditions. Demonstrate proper technique for performing CPR using a training device approved by your counselor. There are many skills and techniques that make up complete knowledge of CPR. We will not teach you all of those skills tonight. Tonight is just an introduction. You will learn all of the CPR skills by the time you complete your 1st Aid Merit badge. Swimmer CPR Welcome and introduce yourself Today we are going to introduce you to the topic of CPR. We will teach you enough CPR so that you can earn the Swimming Merit Badge at Summer Camp. The Swimming Merit Badge Requirements like all aquatic merit badges includes this CPR requirement:Do the following: Identify the conditions that must exist before performing CPR on a person. Explain how to recognize such conditions. Demonstrate proper technique for performing CPR using a training device approved by your counselor. There are many skills and techniques that make up complete knowledge of CPR. We will not teach you all of those skills tonight. Tonight is just an introduction. You will learn all of the CPR skills by the time you complete your 1st Aid Merit badge.

    3. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Material Check-in Booklet – please don’t write in the booklet. Skills Card - one per table please do not write on the skills card – they belong to the troop. One pair of gloves – do not blow them up until the course is over! One mouth shield - write your name on your mouth shield. Let’s look at the materials you have to help you Booklet – please don’t write in the booklet. Skills Card - one per table please do not write on the skills card – they belong to the troop. One pair of gloves – do not blow them up until the course is over. One mouth shield - write your name on your face shield.Let’s look at the materials you have to help youBooklet – please don’t write in the booklet.Skills Card - one per table please do not write on the skills card – they belong to the troop.One pair of gloves – do not blow them up until the course is over.One mouth shield - write your name on your face shield.

    4. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What is first aid? ? Let them answer, and then tell them this definition: First aid is the immediate care given to someone who is injured or suddenly ill, until more advanced care can be obtained.Let them answer, and then tell them this definition: First aid is the immediate care given to someone who is injured or suddenly ill, until more advanced care can be obtained.

    5. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Why do the Boy Scouts teach First Aid? Hint: Let’s recite the Scout Oath Ask the Scouts: Why do the Boy Scouts want you to learn about first aid? Pick one scout to come up to the front of the room, ask everyone to get up and join the leader in saying the scout oath. Send the leader back to his seat and remind the scouts about the three parts of the scout oath. Point out the second part is about duty to others, especially the words to help others at all times. Ask the Scouts: Why do the Boy Scouts want you to learn about first aid? Pick one scout to come up to the front of the room, ask everyone to get up and join the leader in saying the scout oath.Send the leader back to his seat and remind the scouts about the three parts of the scout oath. Point out the second part is about duty to others, especially the words to help others at all times.

    6. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR The First Rule of Medicine: Do no further harm What other part of the scout oath is important to remember? We also want them to think about the third part of the oath the part about taking care of them selves. The first rule in medicine is: do no further harm—don’t make things worse. As much as we want you to help other people at all times we also want you to remember the third part of the oath is to take care of your self. We use the gloves and mouth shield in the class to remind you that you not only need to protect your patients from your germs, you also need to protect yourself.We also want them to think about the third part of the oath the part about taking care of them selves. The first rule in medicine is: do no further harm—don’t make things worse.As much as we want you to help other people at all times we also want you to remember the third part of the oath is to take care of your self. We use the gloves and mouth shield in the class to remind you that you not only need to protect your patients from your germs, you also need to protect yourself.

    7. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Safety Reminder When we practice first aid, we have to pretend in order to simulate the situation: We Pretend to Apply back blows We Pretend to Give Abdominal Thrusts We Give rescue breaths only to manikins! Is there anyone here who does not know how to pretend? It is important to be concerned about safety of all the scouts taking this class. When we teach first aid or CPR we cannot practice with a person who is really injured, we have to simulate many activities. We stop short of actually giving someone the Heimlich maneuver. We do not actually give rescue breaths to another scout.It is important to be concerned about safety of all the scouts taking this class. When we teach first aid or CPR we cannot practice with a person who is really injured, we have to simulate many activities. We stop short of actually giving someone the Heimlich maneuver. We do not actually give rescue breaths to another scout.

    8. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR The Steps of First Aid -see page 4 Check Check the scene Then check the victim Start with checking for permission!! Call Call First Call Fast if the problem is a breathing problem Care Now lets talk about how we provide First Aid We provide First Aid by following three steps: Check, Call Care. Look on Page 4 and see that first we check the scene before we check the patient. What can we do if the scene is unsafe? Stay Safe, Call for help, do not enter an unsafe scene. You wont help the next first aider by adding more victims to the scene. After you check the scene, you check the victim. The first step in checking the victim is getting his permission for you to help. After you Check the Scene and the Victim, the Second Step is CALL. In Houston we call 911. We stay on the line giving the operator as much information as we can, then we return to the victim to provide CARE. What happens if we are alone and have to decide between calling and caring? Most of the time we are telling you to call first if you are alone. If however someone is having a breathing problem we tell you to Call Fast by first providing 2 minutes of help before you call 911. Does Everyone understand the three steps CHECK, CALL, CARE? Now lets talk about how we provide First Aid We provide First Aid by following three steps: Check, Call Care. Look on Page 4 and see that first we check the scene before we check the patient.What can we do if the scene is unsafe?Stay Safe, Call for help, do not enter an unsafe scene. You wont help the next first aider by adding more victims to the scene. After you check the scene, you check the victim.The first step in checking the victim is getting his permission for you to help. After you Check the Scene and the Victim, the Second Step is CALL.In Houston we call 911. We stay on the line giving the operator as much information as we can, then we return to the victim to provide CARE. What happens if we are alone and have to decide between calling and caring?Most of the time we are telling you to call first if you are alone. If however someone is having a breathing problem we tell you to Call Fast by first providing 2 minutes of help before you call 911.Does Everyone understand the three steps CHECK, CALL, CARE?

    9. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Let’s put Check, Call and Care into Action Partner up Remember We pretend when we practice. Don’t actually slap someone on the back Don’t actually give someone an abdominal thrust. Look at pages 20-21 and panel C Let’s put this into action. I want you to partner up and take turns being the doctor and the patient. Remember this is practice. We don’t actually hit someone one on the back. We don’t actually give someone an abdominal thrust. These things can hurt someone seriously. Is there anyone here who cannot pretend or thinks it would be funny to actually do this? Show Conscious Adult choking-refer to pages 20-21 look at panel C Let’s put this into action.I want you to partner up and take turns being the doctor and the patient. Remember this is practice. We don’t actually hit someone one on the back. We don’t actually give someone an abdominal thrust. These things can hurt someone seriously. Is there anyone here who cannot pretend or thinks it would be funny to actually do this?Show Conscious Adult choking-refer to pages 20-21 look at panel C

    10. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Choking reminder Ask permission when the patient is conscious As long as the person can breathe provide only encouragement. Help when the person can’t breathe. Be prepared for them to lose consciousness while you are helping. Practice means pretending Abdominal thrusts can break ribs Remind scouts that the video showed checking the scene then checking the victim and that the first thing we check when we check the victim is asking permission to help. Remind scouts not to do anything if the person can still breathe. Remind scouts we did not actually hit or give abdominal thrusts. Remind scouts that the video showed checking the scene then checking the victim and that the first thing we check when we check the victim is asking permission to help.Remind scouts not to do anything if the person can still breathe.Remind scouts we did not actually hit or give abdominal thrusts.

    11. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Has anyone ever called 911? What kind of emergency requires a call to 911? See your booklet – page 5 Ask the scouts: Has anyone ever called 911? If you have an emergency either call or have someone else call 911 Remind the person to come back to the scene after calling 911. What kind of emergency requires a call to 911? Hint: What is a hurry case? Ask the scouts: Has anyone ever called 911?If you have an emergency either call or have someone else call 911Remind the person to come back to the scene after calling 911.What kind of emergency requires a call to 911? Hint: What is a hurry case?

    12. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Answers Can you spot the killer B’s? Unconsciousness Trouble breathing Stopped breathing* Persistent Chest pain that last more than 3-5 minutes or goes away but then comes back. No signs of life* Severe bleeding* Vomiting or passing blood A seizure that last more than 5 minutes or multiple seizures  Possible Poisoning* Head Neck or Back injury Broken Bones Severe headache or slurred speech.

    13. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Also Call if the Scene is Unsafe Fire or explosion Downed electrical wires Swiftly moving or fast rising water Poisonous Gas Auto Accidents Persons who cannot be moved easily  Also call if the scene is unsafe: Also call if the scene is unsafe:

    14. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What do we need to tell a 911 operator? Name Phone number What happened Where How many injured The scene What you are doing right now to help What do we need to tell on a 911 call   Name Phone number What happened? Where How many injured The condition What are you doing right now to help What do we need to tell on a 911 call NamePhone numberWhat happened?WhereHow many injuredThe conditionWhat are you doing right now to help

    15. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR 911 Review see pages 6 and 7 Don’t hang up until the dispatcher tells you it is ok to hang up Return to the scene to tell you have called 911 successfully Station someone outside to help the ambulance find you. Remember to always call 911 when some one is unconscious or has a life threatening condition Look on pages 6 and 7 to review   Any questions Look on pages 6 and 7 to review Any questions

    16. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What is Heart Disease? What is a Heart Attack? See pages 24-25 Heart Disease is: A gradual process where fatty deposits build up on the inner walls of arteries causing them to narrow making it harder for the body to get blood with oxygen to the heart. Heart disease can lead to a heart attack. A heart attack is: a life-threatening emergency in which the heart does not function properly depriving the heart muscle of much needed oxygen, which causes chest pain or discomfort. Now we are going to talk about how to care for specific emergencies   What is cardiovascular disease? Go to Page 24 in the booklet   Disease of the heart and blood vessels   What is heart disease?     Now we are going to talk about how to care for specific emergencies What is cardiovascular disease? Go to Page 24 in the booklet Disease of the heart and blood vessels What is heart disease?  

    17. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What are the symptoms of a heart attack? From the scout manual Unusual Sweating Unusual Pain especially in the left arm or jaw or neck Shortness of Breath/Unusual Tightness in the chest Nausea Weakness What are the symptoms of a heart attack? What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

    18. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR How do we treat someone you think is having a heart attack? Recognize it is a heart attack Call 911 Convince the patient to stop activity and rest Try to obtain additional information (ever felt this way before? Do you have any medication for this? Comfort the victim Assist with medication Monitor – ABCs Airway, Breathing & Circulation How do you treat someone you think is having a heart attack?   Recognize it is a heart attack Call 911 Convince the patient to stop activity and rest Try to obtain additional information (every happen before? Any medication? Comfort the victim Assist with medication Monitor Standby ready to give CPR and apply an AED.   We will show another video about Heart Attacks in a minute   How do you treat someone you think is having a heart attack? Recognize it is a heart attackCall 911Convince the patient to stop activity and restTry to obtain additional information (every happen before? Any medication?Comfort the victimAssist with medicationMonitor Standby ready to give CPR and apply an AED. We will show another video about Heart Attacks in a minute 

    19. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What is a stroke? See page 48 A disruption of blood flow to the brain that is serious enough to damage the brain. A stroke is caused by a blood clot that forms or lodges in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. Another cardiovascular disease is a stroke. Sometime called a “brain attack” of cerebrovascular accident. What is a stroke? See page 48   A disruption of blood flow to the brain that is serious enough to damage the brain. A stroke is caused by a blood clot that forms or lodges in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. How can you tell someone is having a stroke? Another cardiovascular disease is a stroke. Sometime called a “brain attack” of cerebrovascular accident. What is a stroke? See page 48 A disruption of blood flow to the brain that is serious enough to damage the brain. A stroke is caused by a blood clot that forms or lodges in an artery that supplies blood to the brain.How can you tell someone is having a stroke?

    20. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR How can you tell someone is having a stroke? See page 48 for the FACE test Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body. Face drooping, weakness arm or leg Sudden confusion difficulty speaking Sudden trouble in seeing in one or both eyes Dizziness, trouble walking, loss of balance, Sudden severe headache

    21. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR How do you treat someone having a stroke? Call for help If the person is conscious, comfort and reassure, Have the person rest Do not give them anything to eat or drink. Record the time the symptoms started Call 911

    22. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Besides Heart Attack and Stroke, Here are some things that could cause someone’s heart to stop Disease Trauma Drug Overdose or other poisoning Drowning Allergic reactions Electrical shock   Disease Trauma Drug Overdose or other poisoning Drowning Allergic reactions Electrical shock  

    23. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Signals of a heart attack Let’s look at Heart Attacks and role of CPR in helping in this video

    24. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What are the keys to cardiac chain of survival? See Page 25 Early recognition and early access Early CPR Early defibrillation Early advanced life support    

    25. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What should we do after we have some one call 911? Watch for changes in the victim, breathing or consciousness Help the patient rest Keep them cool or warm as they tell you Tell them help is on the way Be ready for shock Have someone wait outside Have someone wait outside

    26. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR When would help be delayed? What may be some extra concerns? Patient may get worse-including fading out of consciousness. The environment (cold or hot) may make the patient worse What would you do if you were in a situation where it is going to take a long time for help to arrive?

    27. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What should you do when help is delayed? Make a plan-write it down How many victims, helpers and what kind of equipment? Evacuate or Send for help? Where, who, when and how? Record changes in breathing, consciousness etc. Record patient information – name, phone, contact SAMPLE Symptoms Allergies Medications Past history Last in / Last out Events Write things down, especially where you are, how many victims you are dealing with. How much help you have with you. Changes in condition Also write down information the patient can tell you/. Name, contact, did this ever happen before, allergies, medications, last time they ate, drank and went to the bathroom, what they can remember about the events SAMPLE. Protect the patient from heat and cold. Write out a plan for how you plan to help. Write things down, especially where you are, how many victims you are dealing with. How much help you have with you.Changes in conditionAlso write down information the patient can tell you/. Name, contact, did this ever happen before, allergies, medications, last time they ate, drank and went to the bathroom, what they can remember about the events SAMPLE.Protect the patient from heat and cold.Write out a plan for how you plan to help.

    28. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What would you do if? You are out climbing on the rocks at Deadman’s Hole. It is a beautiful day. It is supposed to rain and get colder as night approaches. One of your friends, Max, falls about 5 feet. When you and another buddy reach Max, he is in severe pain. .   . 

    29. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What would you do if? Answers Check the scene Check Max for life threatening problems Check if Max can move on his own or if you can move him (any back or neck pain?) Decide how to get help Decide how to protect Max from the rain while you wait for help

    30. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR CPR for Adults see page 26 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Now we are going to introduce CPR   If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious, not breathing and shows no other signs of life. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation can help circulate the blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs by a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.   Now we are going to introduce CPR If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious, not breathing and shows no other signs of life.Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation can help circulate the blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs by a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths. 

    31. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What conditions must exist before performing CPR on a person? How do we recognize such conditions? Unconsciousness (tap and shout) No signs of life (look listen and feel)

    32. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What are the steps of CPR? Check the Scene Check the patient (Tap and Shout) Unconscious? Call for help Check for signs of life Position head Look Listen and Feel No Signs of Life? Check Airway Two rescue breaths If they don’t go in reposition and try again Start Chest Compression (30) and Rescue Breaths (2) Do five cycles (two minutes) and then Check for signs of life.

    33. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR How does CPR Help someone? Helps circulate the blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs by a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation can. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation can.

    34. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Ready to do CPR? Partner up with a scout and a manikin. Make sure you can see the screen. Take turns being the observer and the doctor. Don’t go faster than the video. The scouts they are about to practice along with the video showing care for someone with no signs of life. One person will be the responder and the other person will use the little chart to follow along. Make every come get positioned kneeling next to their manikin so that they can watch the video. Tell them that the video will guide them thru the complete skill. Don’t get ahead of the video. Show CPR-Adult.   What happens if you don’t want to give rescue breaths? You should still do chest compressions Always call 911   What happens if air does not go in when you give the rescue breaths? Use chest compressions on an unconscious patient as you would use abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient. The scouts they are about to practice along with the video showing care for someone with no signs of life. One person will be the responder and the other person will use the little chart to follow along. Make every come get positioned kneeling next to their manikin so that they can watch the video.Tell them that the video will guide them thru the complete skill. Don’t get ahead of the video. Show CPR-Adult. What happens if you don’t want to give rescue breaths?You should still do chest compressionsAlways call 911 What happens if air does not go in when you give the rescue breaths?Use chest compressions on an unconscious patient as you would use abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient.

    35. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What conditions must exist before performing CPR on a person? How do we recognize such conditions? Unconsciousness (tap and shout) No signs of life (look listen and feel)

    36. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR

    37. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR

    38. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR

    39. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What is Shock? See page 16 Shock is caused when the circulatory system fails to deliver enough blood containing oxygen to all parts of the body. When the body’s organs and brain do not receive enough blood, they fail to function properly. “Shock is life-threatening and can be caused by almost any illness or injury.”

    40. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What situations can lead to shock? Injuries Excessive bleeding Excessive fluid loss Cardiac emergencies Strokes Seizures Diabetic reactions Poisoning and allergic reactions Bites and stings Emotional trauma (or stress).

    41. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What are some symptoms of Shock? Restlessness and irritability Altered states of consciousness Nausea Pale cool clammy skin Rapid breathing Rapid Pulse Feeling cold

    42. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR How do you care for someone in shock? Have the victim lie down, as this is often the most comfortable position. Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number because shock cannot be managed effectively by first aid alone. Control any external bleeding. Calm and reassure the victim. Raise the victim’s legs about 12 inches unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries, or a broken hip or leg. Help the victim maintain a normal body temperature. If the victim is cold, cover him or her with a blanket or warm clothing. Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink, even though he or she may be thirsty. Raise shoulders when you suspect breathing difficulties 1. Check the scene and then check the victim. 2. Identify yourself and ask the victim if you can help him or her. 3. Have the victim lie down in a comfortable position. 4. Call, or have someone else call, 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. 5. Control any external bleeding. 6. Elevate the victim’s legs about 12 inches, unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs. 7. Help the victim maintain normal body temperature (if victim is cold, cover with a blanket or warm clothing). 8. Reassure the victim. 9. Continue to monitor the victim until help arrives.1. Check the scene and then check the victim. 2. Identify yourself and ask the victim if you can help him or her. 3. Have the victim lie down in a comfortable position. 4. Call, or have someone else call, 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. 5. Control any external bleeding. 6. Elevate the victim’s legs about 12 inches, unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs. 7. Help the victim maintain normal body temperature (if victim is cold, cover with a blanket or warm clothing). 8. Reassure the victim. 9. Continue to monitor the victim until help arrives.

    43. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Muscle, Bone, Joint Injuries (Strains, Sprains, Dislocations and Breaks) Only a medical professional can tell the difference between a strain, sprain, dislocation or fracture. It is not important to know the type of muscle or bone injury to provide immediate first aid care.

    44. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Basic Care for all muscle, bone and joint injuries Rest Immobilization Cold Elevation

    45. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Muscle, Bone and Joint injuries Avoid movement of the injured body part. Splint the arm or leg if the victim must be moved and if it does not cause more pain. Apply ice to the injured area for about 20 minutes to control pain and swelling. Do not apply ice directly to the bare skin; place a thin barrier between ice and skin such as a cloth. Elevate the injured arm or leg if it does not cause pain to do so.

    46. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Final advice on muscle, bone, and joint injuries… Minimize shock and keep the person from getting chilled or overheated. If a serious injury occurs, it is best not to move the victim. If you have to move or transport the victim, you should splint the injured part first. By applying a splint, you can help to minimize and prevent further injury.

    47. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Improvised Splint Material Newspapers Magazines Wooden boards or sticks; or Pillows and blankets (for soft splints). Remember the emergency room will want to get an x-ray.

    48. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Essentials of Burn Care Common Causes of Burns Heat Chemical Radiation/Sun Electrical

    49. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR When is a burn an emergency? Involves trouble breathing Covers more than one body part Involves the head, neck, hands, feet or genitals Patient is a child or an elderly person (other than a very minor burn) Is caused by chemicals, explosions or electricity.

    50. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Types of Burns A first degree (or superficial) burn is usually red and dry. The area may swell and is usually painful.” Second (or partial thickness) and Third (or full thickness) degree burns are red and have blisters that may open and weep clear fluid. The area may swell and is usually painful. It may also appear brown or black and can be very painful to almost painless depending upon how severe the burn is.

    51. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Three Steps to burn care 1. Stop the burning 2. Cool the burning 3. Cover the burn.

    52. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR WOUND CARE CONTROLLING BLEEDING DISEASE PREVENTION Wound care usually involves controlling bleeding as well as disease prevention. First aid kit should include materials for both controlling bleeding and aiding in disease prevention. dressings, bandages, soap barriers (such as gloves)

    53. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Two kinds of bleeding Internal External

    54. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Spotting Internal Bleeding Bruising in the area is the most common Tender, swollen or hard area Restlessness or irritability Fast breathing Fast pulse Pale or ashen (gray), cool, moist skin

    55. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR External Bleeding Use direct pressure. Cover with a dry cloth dressing Press firmly and hold If the wound bleeds through, Apply additional dressing on top of first and Apply firm pressure.

    56. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Disease Prevention Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm running water after caring for a wound. While providing first aid, protect yourself and the injured person by: Avoiding contact with blood and bodily fluids Using barriers such as disposable gloves, clean, dry cloth etc., and or CPR breathing barrier between you and the victim. Clean and disinfect or dispose of supplies and equipment that were soiled by blood or body fluids. Remember not to eat, drink or touch your mouth or eyes while providing care. “Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm running water after caring for a wound (even if you used a barrier or gloves).” • “When providing first aid care for bleeding emergencies, as well as when providing other first aid care, you should protect yourself and the injured person from disease transmission.” • “This can be done by following these simple guidelines: o Avoid direct contact with blood and body fluids when possible. o Use barriers, such as disposable gloves or a clean, dry cloth, between you and the victim’s body fluids when providing care. Use a CPR breathing barrier when giving rescue breaths. o If appropriate, clean and disinfect or dispose of the supplies and equipment used to treat the injured person or any clothing that is soiled with blood or body fluids. o Do not eat, drink or touch your mouth, nose or eyes when providing care. o Wash your hands with soap and warm running water immediately after providing care even if you wear disposable gloves. o If exposure to blood or body fluids occurs, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water and tell your health-care provider about the situation. “Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm running water after caring for a wound (even if you used a barrier or gloves).” • “When providing first aid care for bleeding emergencies, as well as when providing other first aid care, you should protect yourself and the injured person from disease transmission.” • “This can be done by following these simple guidelines: o Avoid direct contact with blood and body fluids when possible. o Use barriers, such as disposable gloves or a clean, dry cloth, between you and the victim’s body fluids when providing care. Use a CPR breathing barrier when giving rescue breaths. o If appropriate, clean and disinfect or dispose of the supplies and equipment used to treat the injured person or any clothing that is soiled with blood or body fluids. o Do not eat, drink or touch your mouth, nose or eyes when providing care. o Wash your hands with soap and warm running water immediately after providing care even if you wear disposable gloves. o If exposure to blood or body fluids occurs, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water and tell your health-care provider about the situation.

    57. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Minor Bleeding Stop any bleeding, wash the wound with soap and water, bandage the wound and watch for infection. “For minor bleeding, such as a cut or scrape, stop any bleeding, wash the wound with soap and water, bandage the wound and watch for signs of infection.” • Signs of infection include: o Wound area becomes swollen and red; o Area may feel warm or throb with pain and may discharge pus; o Red streaks may develop around the wound; and o Victim may develop fever and feel ill.” “For minor bleeding, such as a cut or scrape, stop any bleeding, wash the wound with soap and water, bandage the wound and watch for signs of infection.” • Signs of infection include: o Wound area becomes swollen and red; o Area may feel warm or throb with pain and may discharge pus; o Red streaks may develop around the wound; and o Victim may develop fever and feel ill.”

    58. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR How to watch for Infection Wound area becomes swollen and red; Area may feel warm or throb with pain and may discharge pus Red streaks may develop around the wound Victim may develop fever and feel ill

    59. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Hot and Cold Injuries

    60. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Items not covered today Asthma Epipens Object in the eye Splinter fish hook Poison ivy Scout first aid kit

    61. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR What shows up on my troop’s health forms Scouts Allergies Asthma ADD Adults Height / Weight Back injuries Diabetes High Blood Pressure

    62. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Some personal musings on scouting and 1st aid Causes of Fatalities Scouting liability expense worries Plan to avoid accidents What to do if an accident occurs 1st Aid expectations for Scouters 1st Aid resources for Scouters Why teach first aid to scouts How to Teach 1st aid to Scouts

    63. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Causes of Fatalities in the US National Center for Health Statistics – cause of Death 2003 in the US Heart disease 25% Stroke 6.7% Accidents 4.4% which include these top five mechanisms of injury: Motor Vehicle 27% Firearms 18.8% Poisoning 16.4% Falls 10.6% Suffocation 7.9% mechanisms of injury were: 1) motor vehicle traffic (MVT)-related accounting for 27.3 percent of all injury deaths; 2) firearms, accounting for 18.8 percent; 3) poisoning, accounting for 16.4 percent; 4) falls, accounting for 10.6 percent; and 5) suffocation, accounting for 7.9 percent (table E). Procedures for ranking mechanisms are discussed in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ All other mechanisms combined accounted for 19 percent of injury deaths. mechanisms of injury were: 1) motor vehicle traffic (MVT)-related accounting for 27.3 percent of all injury deaths; 2) firearms, accounting for 18.8 percent; 3) poisoning, accounting for 16.4 percent; 4) falls, accounting for 10.6 percent; and 5) suffocation, accounting for 7.9 percent (table E). Procedures for ranking mechanisms are discussed in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ All other mechanisms combined accounted for 19 percent of injury deaths.

    64. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Scouting Liability Expenses “It’s true that the number of serious injuries and fatalities in water-related activities is small relative to the number of Scouting activities every year, but Scouting loses lives and dollars from aquatics injuries and fatalities—second only to those lost in vehicle accidents” (http://www.samhoustonbsa.org/Home/Camping/RiskManagement/SafetySwimDefense/ )

    65. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Plan to avoid accidents Take the tour permit process seriously Use the internet mapquest/google/etc. to make a legible map with clear driving instructions Include emergency contacts and directions on your map How someone can reach the troop at the campsite How someone at the campsite can contact sheriff/fire/ambulance Location of nearest hospital Distribute copies of your map to every vehicle. Consider two deep leadership in every car (driver and navigator) Ask adults to ante up: Register adult drivers Ensure Minimum Training for registered Adults – YPT and read the Guide to Safe Scouting Ensure sufficiently trained Adult Supervision for your program (Safe Swim Defense, Safety Afloat, etc.) At least one adult leader with current CPR training At least one adult leader with current technical training for the activity (Topping out, Blue or Yellow Canoe Cards, etc.) Have a complete set of up-to-date Class I medical forms for all adults and scouts on your campouts. Make sure someone has a copy of your plan back “at home”.

    66. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Troop First Aid Kit Inspect annually Understand it will never be perfect Some extra things to consider if your troop has the support of a medical professional Epipens Sam splints Benadryl, Motrin, Tylenol

    67. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR 1st Aid expectations for Scout Trip Leaders The first aid job continuum untrained Lay Person - can call 911 Trained Lay person - can help a Trained Lay Responder - First Aid / CPR (4.5 hours) When Help is Delayed (2 hours) / Wilderness First Aid (16 hours) Trained Lay responder - can manage a scene until help arrives / can plan an evacuation - First Responder (40 hours) / Wilderness First Responder (72 hours) Ambulance driver/EMT Wilderness EMT - can manage a scene and get patient to definitive help (160 hours plus rotation plus optional national registry Doctor / Nurse defintive help (years of training and certification)

    68. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR First Aid Resources for Scouters Cima Summer Camp/Mustang District Scouting College/SHAC Scouting University training programs for adults The Northern Branch Office - a joint project of the American Red Cross and the Boy Scouts. http://www.scoutcpr.org/ American Red Cross Houston Chapter http://www.houstonredcross.org/ For High Adventurers: Wilderness Medicine Institute / National Outdoor Leadership School http://www.nols.edu/wmi/ Wilderness Medical Associates (formerly part of Outward Bound) http://www.wildmed.com/ SOLO http://www.soloschools.com/

    69. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Why teach first aid to scouts Scouting is recognized for first aid training: If all the individual requirements (including bullet items and other sub points) from Scout to First Class added up to 100 individual items; 33% of those items would relate to first aid. First Aid merit badge one of the first merit badges First Aid and the Scout Oath - helping others First Aid and the Scout Oath - taking care of yourself Enables the scout to learn how to Self-rescue and become independent. Introduces new scouts to the oral history of the troop's past disasters and how to stay safe checking the scene and using barrier protection Well designed First Aid training can provide the troop with “teachable moments” that introduce the scout to leadership. how to teach others how to observe, reflect and ask good questions importance of being prepared practice making decisions and solving problems delegating and following up

    70. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR First Aid instructional content from the Red Cross The Red Cross is BSA’s preferred provider: Basic Aid Training – for 4th and 5th graders Webelos “Readyman” First Aid and Preparedness - for middle schoolers (an 80% solution for FCE first aid). Standard First Aid and Adult CPR - for First Aid Merit Badge Sport Fitness Training for Venturers

    71. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR Ideas to make first aid training “hands on” in your troop one on one examples for Conscious and unconscious Choking Guess my Illness or Injury Game for learning basic (2nd class) patient assessment and treatments Wheels of Misfortune relay races for teaching Bandaging and Transports Pigs Feet wound management Setting up and conducting a troop wide disaster day (multiple casualty simulation). Wilderness Medical Society's MedWar!

    72. Wednesday, May 03, 2006 Troop 642 Introduction to CPR If feedback is truly a gift, please give generously What should we stop? What should we start? What should we continue?

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