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Alternative Supernova Energy Sources. Jason Dexter (with Dan Kasen ) UC Berkeley & LBNL. Weird Supernovae. scp06f6. 2005ap. ptf09cnd. 2008es. 2006gy. 2007bi. Type Ia. core collapse supernovae. 2002bj. ptf10bhp. 2008ha. a fter Dan Kasen. Supernova Explosions. Diffusion:
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Alternative Supernova Energy Sources Jason Dexter (with Dan Kasen) UC Berkeley & LBNL
Weird Supernovae scp06f6 2005ap ptf09cnd 2008es 2006gy 2007bi Type Ia core collapse supernovae 2002bj ptf10bhp 2008ha after Dan Kasen Physics of Astronomical Transients
Supernova Explosions • Diffusion: • Peak luminosity (Lp) from energy deposition at peak time (tp) Physics of Astronomical Transients
Powering Supernova Light Curves Kasen & Woosley (2009) • Thermal • Radioactive (56Ni) Efficiency Branch & Tammann (1992) Physics of Astronomical Transients
Interactions • Interaction of ejecta with material at large radius resets internal energy • Large if Rsh >> R0 Efficiency Woosley+07 Physics of Astronomical Transients
MagnetarSpindown Power Physics of Astronomical Transients
MagnetarSpindown Power Kasen & Bildsten (2010) Physics of Astronomical Transients
Accretion Energy • Powers brightest sources in the Universe (AGN, GRBs) • Need: disk, Mfb, outflow Alexander Tchekhovskoy Physics of Astronomical Transients
Accretion in core-collapse SNe Zhang et al. (2008) • Collapsars (“failed”) • Type I (long GRBs, Woosley 1993) • Type II/III (long gamma-ray transients, Quataert & Kasen 2012, Woosley 2012) • Fallback (successful) • Early: nucleosynthesis & neutrinos (Fryer et al.), type Ibc? (Lindner et al.) • Late: still significant energy? Physics of Astronomical Transients
Semi-analytic Fallback Model • “Explosion” • Matzner & McKee (1999) shock velocity evolution • Free-fall: t6/n-3 for power law density profile • Asymptotic: t-5/3 • Reverse shock at H/He • Analogous to SNR Physics of Astronomical Transients
Possible Outcomes • Stellar progenitors from Woosley et al. (2002) • Range of explosion energies Solar Ultra Zero Physics of Astronomical Transients
Possible Outcomes Physics of Astronomical Transients
Possible Outcomes Reverse Shocks “Collapsars” “Standard” No H and/or He Physics of Astronomical Transients
Caveats • Pressure effects? • Angular momentum • Outflow turns on when J> Jc? • Outflow disrupts remaining material? • Collimation? Accretionturns off after disk forms? • Energy deposition in ejecta? • Similar to magnetar case Physics of Astronomical Transients