French and Indian War

1. French and Indian War 1754 - 1763

2. Standards • SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. • a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French-Indian War, and the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.

3. Essential Questions • Why was winning the French and Indian War the beginning of conflict for the British and the colonists? (USH3a) • 2. Why did the British and the colonists have different goals following the Treaty of Paris 1763?

4. Seven Year’s war • The French and Indian war was an extension of the 7 year’s war being fought in Europe

5. Why was the war fought? • What were the motives of the French in the colonies? • What were the motives of the British in the colonies? • Why were these motives contradictory of one another?

6. Both sides claim the same land • France argues that they had discovered the Mississippi river and therefore, the Ohio river which is a tributary of the Miss. Belongs to them as well as all of the Ohio River valley • The British argue that all land east of the Mississippi belongs to Great Britain

8. First Events of the war • Washington was sent by the British (he was a colonial army officer) to negotiate boundaries so that the dispute would be settled. • As Washington approaches Ft. Duquense, he is fired upon and subsequently retreats to Fort Necessity National Battlefield (U.S. National Park Service)

9. Battle of Ft. Necessity • Washington was able to negotiate a surrender so that his men may not suffer at the hands of the Indians and he and his men were allowed to abandon the fort and retreat to Virginia.

10. Fort necessity recreated

11. Albany Plan 1754 • Albany Plan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • After the clash at Ft. Necessity, Franklin led the colonist at the Albany plan. • 2 goals: • 1. Get the Iroquois to join the colonial / British cause • 2. Form a Congress to oversee activities of the colonies • Never enacted

12. JOIN OR DIE • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join,_or_Die • Ben Franklin made this political cartoon to urge unity among the colonies.

13. War overview • The French and Indian War • Original Images of the French and Indian War • http://www.masshist.org/maps/MapsHome/Home.htm

14. French and Indian war from USA gov. • https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/french-indian-war - State Department version of the French and Indian War

16. 3 Phases of War • The conflict then proceeded through three phases: • The early period of the war saw localized action in North America and began with Washington's loss at Fort Necessity. Neither side committed much in the way of troop strength or resources to the effort. Most of the action was confined to attempts to capture the opponent's fortified positions on the frontier. • A middle phase began with the declaration of war between France and Britain, and touched off the first true world war (Seven Years’ War). The North American conflict might well have remained a localized affair, but a realignment of European alliances ignited new rivalries to add to the simmering feud between Britain and France. • A final phase was highlighted by the British decision to concentrate on the North American phase of the conflict. The investment of huge sums of money and innovative new military talent helped to provide the margin of victory. • From http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h608.html

17. Fighting strategy

18. 1755-1756 • These years were good for the French as the less equipped military was able to score victories with their “guerilla fighting”. • Victories included: Fort Oswego, Fort William Henry, Fort Duquesne • Please find the details of these battles for homework: • FT. Oswego • FT William Henry • FT. Duquesne

19. 1756 and William Pitt • 1756 William Pitt becomes brand new prime minister of Great Britain • William Pitt understood the dire circumstances in the colonies and pushed Parliament to give more funding to the colonial war. • Parliament agrees, and Britain trains troops to defeat guerilla warriors and sends more troops into battle

20. 1757-1763 • The British score multiple victories with key victories being Ft. Niagara and then Ft. Quebec. • Please find the details of these battles for homework • FT. Niagara • FT. Quebec • Upon these victories, the Iriquois side with the British. Why?

21. Treaty of Paris of 1763 • Treaty of Paris (1763) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • The treaty of Paris gives all land east of the Mississippi river to the British • The treaty of Paris allows New Orleans to stay under French control • Spain gives Florida to the British