French and Indian War

1. French and Indian War 1753 - 1763

3. Cause of War England and France were at war. • England did not want to lose the colonies to the French, so the English asked the colonists to help them fight against the French. • The French asked some American Indians to help them fight against England and the colonists.

4. 1754  Albany Plan of Union • Headed by Ben Franklin, with representatives from New England, NY, Maryland, and Penn. • Franklin’s plan was to join all the colonies together for war against the French. • Never came into being but it introduced the idea of a continental union to many people

5. Join, or Die What do you think this means?

6. Perspective Writing Activity • You are a soldier from either the French side, the colonial side, the British side or the Native American side. You will write a journal entry describing what life is like as one of these soldiers during the French and Indian War.

7. Washington Braddock • Washington learned that the British were not unbeatable in battle as many people thought. • Washington believed that the key to winning the war was to fight like the Indians. • Braddock and his army moved very slowly, building roads and bridges as they headed through the wilderness. • Braddock believed that fighting like the Indians was cowardly.

8. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • British officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No military respect or protocols observed • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resisted rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Prima Donna Britishofficers with servants & tea settings.

9. 1763  Treaty of Paris France --> lost its Canadian possessions, most of its empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain -->got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

11. Effects of the War on Britain? 1.It increased their colonial empire in the Americas. 2.It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3.Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

12. Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1.It united them against acommon enemy for the firsttime 2.It created a socializingexperience for all the colonials who participated 3.It created bitter feelings towards the British thatwould only intensify

13. Taxes Info: 1.Sugar Act - 1764 2.Currency Act - 1764 3.Quartering Act - 1765 4.Stamp Act - 1765

14. Sugar Act - 1764 ~3 cent tax on sugar -Increased taxes on coffee, indigo, and certain kinds of wine. ~ Banned importation of rum and French wines. ~ Affected only a certain part of the population -The affected merchants were very vocal. ~ Enacted (or raised) without the consent of the colonists. - One of the first instances in which colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed.

15. Quartering Act - 1765 ~Allowed royal troops to stay in houses or empty buildings if barracks were not available

16. Stamp Act - 1765 First direct British tax on American colonists Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public and legal document had to have a Stamp, or British seal, on it The seal cost money

17. Stamp Act Crisis Loyal Nine– 1765 (later became known as the Sons of Liberty) Sons of Liberty– began in NYC: Samuel Adams Stamp Act Congress– 1765*Parliament's first serious attempt to assert governmental authority over the colonies Declaratory Act– 1766 (accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act) * Allowed Parliament to make laws and changes to the colonial government.

18. Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770 1767 William Pitt, Prime Minister & Charles Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. • Shift from paying taxes for British war debts & quartering of troops  paying colonial government salaries. • He diverted revenue collection from internal to external trade. • Tax these imports  paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. • Increase custom officials at American ports  established a Board of Customs in Boston.

19. Colonial Response to the Townshend Duties 1. John Dickinson  1768*Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. (there was no difference between "internal" and "external" taxes, and that any taxes imposed on the colonies by Parliament for the sake of raising a revenue were unconstitutional.) 2. 1768  2nd non-importation movement:*“Daughters of Liberty”*spinning bees 3. Riots against customs agents:* John Hancock’s ship, the Liberty. (impounded by British officials on the “charge” of running contraband)* 4000 British troops sent to Boston. (Boston Massacre of 1770)

20. Boston Massacre

21. For the first time, many colonists began calling people who joined the non-importation movement, "patriots!"