What’s the Matter?

1. What’s the Matter? The Organization of Matter in the Universe or at least at H.R.H.S.

2. What is matter? • Everything that has mass (weight) and volume (takes up space) is called matter.

3. The Particle Model • A model is a simplified version of reality • The particle model is an example of a scientific model • Idea: Matter is not continuous but instead is made up of particles • Facts: • Matter is made up of extremely small particles • These particles are in constant movement • When the temperature increases so does this movement • The particles are held together by forces of attraction

4. Theparticle modelis a scientific model based on the idea that matter is made up of small particles • This model helps explain how particles behave and are organized in the three states of matter

5. States of Matter • Solid: Particles are very close together with strong forces of attraction (not a lot of space to move around) • This gives solids their definite structure and (generally) do not need a container to hold their shape and volume • Liquid: Particles still close together but the bonds are weaker than solids • Liquids have definite volume but indefinite form (take the shape of what they are in)

6. Gaseous: Particles are very far apart and are not bound by forces of attraction • Take whatever space they are given- fill up a container, escape if opened Particles in solid Particles in liquid Particles in gas

7. Matter

9. The Organization of Matter • Atoms(created by the Big Bang) are the smallest unit that makes up matter

10. The Organization of Matter • Elements are pure substances of only one type of atoms • Elements are arranged in the Periodic Table by their atomic number (the number of electrons OR protons inside the atom)

11. Periodic Table • The Periodic Table shows the chemical symbol of each atom e.g. Oxygen is O, Silver is Ag (Latin name is Argentium) • These symbols are universal (world wide) • The symbols are grouped in the Periodic Table by how they react chemically

12. Insert periodic table

13. The Organization of Matter • A molecule is a group of atoms that are chemically bonded • e.g. A molecule of water (H2O) is made from a chemical bond between 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen

14. Combining atoms to create molecules

15. Some molecules can be quite large Glucose molecule

16. Chemical Formulas • Molecules are represented by their chemical formulas. • This shows the nature and the number of each atom that composes the molecule. • Each atom is represented by its symbol from the periodic table.

17. Chemical formulas • The number of each atom is written directly after the symbol. (the number 1 is not written) The symbol for hydrogen The symbol for oxygen H2O The absence of a number = only 1 atom of oxygen in the molecule The number 2 = 2 atoms of hydrogen in the molecule

18. Breakdown the following formulas 2 x Oxygen molecules • O2 • C6H12O6 6 x Carbon 12 x Hydrogen 6 x Oxygen

19. Breakdown the following formulas • CH4 • CO2 • Cl 2 • NaCl 1 x carbon, 4 x hydrogen 1 x carbon, 2 x oxygen 2 chlorine • 1 sodium, 1 chlorine

20. Pure substances • Matter is divided into two broad categories: pure substances and mixtures. • A pure substance has only one type of particleregardless of whether they are atoms or molecules

21. Matter Pure Substances

22. Elements • An element is a substance made from one type of atoms • E.g. A block of pure gold contains nothing but gold atoms (Au)

23. Matter Pure Substances Elements

24. One Element The Same Element (Gas) e.g. He at 21 C (Solid) e.g. He at-272 C

25. Another element This one likes to bond in pairs as a gas (molecules) e.g. O2

26. Compounds • A compound is a pure substance formed by combining two or more different atoms. • E.g. Table salt (NaCl) is sodium and chlorine. • Compounds can be separated into their individual elements. • E.g. Water (H2O) can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen using a process called electrolysis

27. This is a COMPOUND of two different elements

28. Matter Pure Substances Compounds Elements

29. Mixtures: • Two or more substances that: • 1) Are not chemically combined with each other • 2) Can be separated by physical means (ex. filtration). • Substances in a mixture keep their individual properties.

30. Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Compounds Elements

31. Two Categories of Mixtures: 1)Heterogeneous Mixture– the substances of the mixture have visible differences Examples: orange juice with pulp, fruit salad, salsa *** hetero = different ***

32. Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Compounds Elements Heterogeneous

33. 2) Homogeneous Mixture– the substances have no visible differences and disperse evenly Examples: tap water, salt water, air, orange juice without pulp, and skim milk. *** homo = the same or similar ***

34. Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Compounds Elements Homogeneous Heterogeneous

35. Is it a Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Mixture? To determine if a mixture is a homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture we look to see if there are visible differences in the mixture. Heterogeneous (different) = Visible differences Homogeneous (same) = No Visible differences

36. Would the following be considered a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture? 1) water 2) air 3) vegetable soup 4) coffee (with & without milk) 5) beach sand 6) salsa homogeneous homogeneous heterogeneous homogeneous heterogeneous heterogeneous

37. While homogeneous mixtures appear to be uniform using the naked eye, when a microscope is use we can see there are actually two types of homogeneous mixtures: A colloid is a homogeneous mixture with at least two different substances that can be distinguished under magnification A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which it is impossible to distinguish the parts even with magnification Types of Homogeneous Mixtures

39. What is the mystery substance? Vote using your fingers: 1 = element, 2 = Compound, 3 = Mixture

40. Element, Compound or Mixture ?

41. Element, Compound or Mixture ? Element

42. Element, Compound or Mixture ?

43. Element, Compound or Mixture ? Element

44. Element, Compound or Mixture ?

45. Element, Compound or Mixture ? Mixture

46. Element, Compound or Mixture ?

47. Element, Compound or Mixture ? Mixture

48. Element, Compound or Mixture ?

49. Element, Compound or Mixture ? Compound

50. Element, Compound or Mixture ?