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18.3 Texas Independence & Mexican -American War

18.3 Texas Independence & Mexican -American War. Main Idea The United States expanded its territory westward to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Why It Matters Now Today, 1/3 of all Americans live in the areas added to the United States in 1848. Standards.

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18.3 Texas Independence & Mexican -American War

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  1. 18.3 Texas Independence & Mexican-American War Main Idea The United States expanded its territory westward to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Why It Matters Now Today, 1/3 of all Americans live in the areas added to the United States in 1848.

  2. Standards • 8.8.2 Describe the purpose, challenges, and economic incentives associated with westward expansion, including the concept of Manifest Destiny (e.g., the Lewis and Clark expedition, accounts of the removal of Indians, the Cherokees’ “Trail of Tears,” settlement of the Great Plains) and the territorial acquisitions that spread numerous decades. • 8.8.6 Describe the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War, including territorial settlements, the aftermath of the wars, and the effects the wars had on the lives of Americans, including Mexican-Americans today.

  3. Daily Guided Questions • Why did Americans want to move to Texas? • What were the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War? • How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo help the United States achieve Manifest Destiny?

  4. 1820 • Spanish governor of Texas gives Moses Austin permission to establish a small colony in Texas. -Cotton farming. • His son Stephen Austin takes it over when Moses dies. • Becomes empresario (land agent)

  5. 1821 • Mexico becomes independent from Spain. • Mex. Gov. continues to allow Amer. immigration into Texas. -Protection needed from Indian raids.

  6. 1820’s • Rules for Amer. Settlers. -Had to practice Catholicism. -Had to learn Spanish. -Become Mexican citizens. -Slavery not allowed. • Texans and Tejanos(Spanish/Mexican heritage) wanted more representation in Mexican gov. • 1827, MieryTeran warned of uprising in Texas.

  7. 1830 • Mexico banned further American settlements. -Texans continue to come and bring slaves. • Mexico levy (forces to pay) heavy taxes. -Troops sent to Texas.

  8. 1833 • General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico. • AbolitionedMexican constitution and named himself dictator (one-person ruler).

  9. 1836 • Texas declares independence from Mexico. • Feb.-Santa Anna lay siege (an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort) for 13 days at the Alamo. All American men killed. -Davy Crockett & Jim Bowie killed.

  10. Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna forced to sign treaty, recognizing Texas independence. • Republic of Texas from 1836-1845. Sam Houston’spresident.

  11. 1844 • Annexation of Texas debated during election. • Whig nominated Henry Clay as presidential candidate. • James K. Polk wanted both Texas and Oregon annexed, elected president.

  12. 1845 • Texas annexed (to add on) onto the United States.

  13. 1846 • Oregon territory split between the British and USA.

  14. 1845 • Diplomat John Slidell sent to Mexico to buy terr. between New Mexico and California for $25 million. -Mexico refused. -Santa Anna ousted.

  15. 1846 • Polk sends General Zachary Taylor to patrol border. -9 American troops killed in skirmish • Mexican-American War begins. Due to the annexation of Texas and border disputes. • Mexico does not want to cede (give up) more land.

  16. PROS & CONS PROS • Westerners -More land for farming. • Southerners -More land for cotton production. -Spread slavery. CONS • Northerners -Spread slavery. • Abe. Lincoln’s Spot Resolution. -Show us the “spot” of American soil where blood was spilled.

  17. Gen. Stephen Kearny sent to occupy New Mexico and then California.

  18. 1846-1847 • Southern California under American control due to the Bear Flag Rebellion. John C. Fremont becomes its leader. -Californios involved. • Monterey and San Francisco captured.

  19. War in Mexico, 1846-1847 • Zachary Taylor, captured Monterrey, and beat Santa Anna at the Battle of Buena Vista. • Winfield Scott, captured Veracruz and Mexico City. -Chapultepec, boy soldiers defended fort, but lost.

  20. 1848 • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo formally ends war. • Mexican Cession, territory lost California, Nevada, Utah, parts of Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. • USA gives Mexico $18 million.

  21. 1853 • Gadsden Purchase, USA pays Mexico $10 million for a narrow strip of land in New Mexico and Arizona. (look on page 332)

  22. Biography Reading • Read a short biography of Sam Houston, first and only president of the Republic of Texas. • Answer the questions after the reading.

  23. Study Guide pg. 148 • Copy and complete the study guide on pg. 148. • Use your notes or textbook pg. 328-335 to complete it.

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