Islam

1. Islam Art, Science, & Technology Cover of the Qu’ran Frances Skeirik

2. Art • The artwork during the post-classical period from Islam is displayed in many different forms: • Pottery • Paintings • Architecture • Sculptures • Metalworking • Rugs • Arabic work focused around plants and geometric figures. • Such as diamonds, triangles, and parallelograms.

3. Art (cont.) • The greatest literary Art was POETRY. • Thousands were created during Golden Age of Islam. • Sung and recited aloud in Arabic. • Famous Poet: Al- Rumi • Gave insights into the beliefs of Sufis • His tomb is found in Turkey today • Qu’ran was the like representation of the human figure. • Allah only created human life • Different from other art because of its geometric bases format. • Persian art was mainly focused on Muhammad.

4. Art (cont.) The Umayyad Dynasty: 661 C.E.- 750 C.E.

5. Art (cont.) The Abbasid Dynasty: 750 C.E.- 1250 C.E.

6. Science • Lots of knowledge was prized in Islam society. • Society and philosophy thrived in the Islamic empire, called a caliphate. • Muslims used different Greek texts to improve and discover new things. • Then called these their own. • The scholars they appointed to read the texts were called Madrasas. • Muslim scholars improved upon many Greek texts.

7. Science (cont.) • Science and math work side and side • without math = NO scientific equations • used to help discover many things, such as medicines. • Advanced in Math • Basics: • Counting started at zero. • Based off of tens • Their Arabic numerals are still used today • Algebra • Some geometry: (without knowing) • incorporated algebra to answer the problems • Marker Event: • Development of Arabic numbers • Devised first in classical India • Spread during the Abbasid Dynasty

8. Science (cont.) • Science improved a lot during the Post-Classical period for Islam. • Chemistry: • At the time of caliphate, chemistry was alchemy. • Alchemy- mixture of chemistry and belief in magical transformations • Ex. Scientists would try and turn silver into gold. • Discovered element properties without knowing • Physical Characteristics: ignitable, shiny, ect. • Advanced in different tools and techniques. • Also advances in optical science and anatomy.

9. Science (cont.) • Biology (Study of all living things) • Muslims studied plants to improve agriculture and medicine. • Arabs accessed to the Mediterranean herbal medicines. • known to the Greeks • Also accessed medical plants from India and China. • Their medicines help fight very mild sicknesses • Bug bites • Rashes • Also the Muslims were intrigued by Aristotle.

10. Technology • Muhammad influenced much, including technology • Some technology that was improved was: • Irrigation systems- • Better irrigation system meant that the growing of plants was enhanced, which helped since they were in the desert. • Helped Muslims to become better traders. • More crops to trade • Architecture- • Many magnificent buildings established: • Beautiful caliphate building (Umayyad) • Ka’ba

11. Technology (cont.) • System of communication between countries • they would get scholars to interpret the Greeks text • Trade • Medicine • Helped the basic sicknesses • Bug bites, rashes, headaches, ect. • Not yet for common colds or fevers.

12. Important People • Muhammad: • Human prophet of the Muslims who was sent revelations from God at the age of 40. • With these revelations, he memorized different poems from Jesus, Abraham, and Moses. • At first he thought that the revelations were from demons but then finally came to the conclusion they were from God. • The holy book of the Muslims is the Qu’ran. • Contains the words of Allah • Fled from Mecca to Medina in 622. • Also known as the Hijra.