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1. Social Studies Midterm Review

   Chapters 1-5
2. #3 How do Scientists think the first Americans arrived on this Continent? Sea level dropping Land Bridge Boat A: B: Across the Arctic on ice Plane C: D:
3. B. Sea Dropping Land Bridge
4. #5 What was one of the most important Crops grown by Native Americans Wheat Barley A: B: Maize Rice C: D:
5. C. MAIZE
6. #7 In the mid 1400s who developed The printing press Johannes Gutenberg Dante Alighieri A: B: Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci C: D:
7. B. Johannes Gutenberg
8. #9 How did joint-stock companies Benefit investors? Protection against corruption Guaranteed return on money A: B: Allowed investors to make money quickly Allowed investors fewer risks C: D:
9. C. Fewer Risks
10. #11 Which of the following served to Unify the states and people During Europe under Feudalism? The Crusaders Roman Empire A: B: Frankish Empire Catholic Church C: D:
11. D. Catholic Church
12. #48 Which of the following was not a famous Greek philosopher Augustus Aristotle A: B: Plato Socrates C: D:
13. A Augustus
14. #54dities toIn Ghana, two of the most important trade items were Gold and ____________ Pepper Rice A: B: Wine Salt C: D:
15. D. Salt
16. #71 Martin Luther started a movement by posting his 95 thesis on the church door this is known as the Classical Period Hajj A: B: Protestant Reformation Enlightenment C: D:
17. D Protestant Reformation
18. #72 Which of the following was not an early Mesoamerican or South American society? Maya Aztec A: B: Anasazi Inca C: D:
19. C Anasazi

20. Which Spaniard led the downfall of the Incan Empire?

    A Hernando de Soto B Francisco Pizarro C Juan Ponce de Léon D Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

21. B Francisco Pizarro

22. Which of the following documents gave settlers permission to start a colony?

    A a deed B a title C a lease D a charter

23. D a charter

24. Which of the following was a MAJOR advantage that Hernándo Cortés’ men had over the Aztec warriors?

    A They had control of the capital city. B They had light body armor to protect themselves. C They had boots on their feet rather than sandals. D They had guns rather than bows and arrows.

25. D They had guns rather than bows and arrows.

26. The Columbian Exchange had deadly effects, such as

    A bringing the bubonic plague and the Black Death to Florence. B spreading measles, smallpox, and typhus throughout Europe. C infecting American Indians with new and deadly diseases. D robbing American Indians of corn, tomatoes, tobacco, and cocoa.

27. C infecting American Indians with new and deadly diseases.

28. Which of the following was the PRIMARY thing that Christopher Columbus was trying to accomplish on his journeys west?

    A trying to reach the Philippines by sailing West B trying to reach Asia by sailing West C trying to reach the Middle East by sailing West D trying to reach the America’s by sailing West

29. B trying to reach Asia by sailing West

30. What was the mythical all-water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean known as?

    A North American Thoroughfare B Northern River Path C Northwest Passage D Northwestern Canal

31. C Northwest Passage

32. **2. Why did the population of Jamestown plummet between 1609 and the spring of 1610?

    A. Infertile soil caused many settlers to seek better farmland in the middle colonies. B. A combination of famine, disease, and a harsh winter killed many in the colony. C. The London Company closed the settlement because it wasn’t making a profit. D. The Algonquian Indians attacked and burned down much of the colony.

33. B. A combination of famine, disease, and a harsh winter killed many in the colony.

34. **3. Which was a factor in the Virginia colonists’ decision to use slave labor?

    a. They could purchase more land if they put more slaves to work. b. The cost of purchasing slaves had fallen dramatically. c. There had not been a significant slave rebellion in the northern colonies. d. There were not enough indentured servants to meet the high demand for workers.

35. d. There were not enough indentured servants to meet the high demand for workers.

36. **4. The Mayflower Compact could best be described as

    a. a detailed list of reasons why the Pilgrims left England for the United States. b. a trade contract between Great Britain and merchants in the Virginia colony. c. an early attempt at self-government in the English colonies. d. a basic agreement requiring colonists to obey Virginia law.

37. c. an early attempt at self-government in the English colonies.

38. **6. How were the middle colonies different from the northern and southern colonies?

    a. Generous land grants and religious tolerance brought people to the middle colonies. b. Many of the colonists were there for the fur trading business c. There were a lot of minerals in the ground for use by jewelers d. Most colonists there suffered religious persecution.

39. a. Generous land grants and religious tolerance brought people to the middle colonies.

40. **13. What was the purpose of the series of Navigation Acts passed by Parliament between 1650 and 1696?

    a. to require colonists to do their trading only with England b. to establish duties, or taxes, on items exported to the colonies c. to benefit the colonists by promoting a spirit of free trade d. to give England freedom to buy and sell goods in any market

41. a. to require colonists to do their trading only with England

42. **23. In order to provide law and order in their colony, the Pilgrims signed an agreement known as the

    a. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut b. House of Burgesses c. Mayflower Compact d. Magna Carta

43. c. Mayflower Compact

44. **35. What was the name of the economic system that England and many other European countries practiced during colonial times by creating and maintaining wealth through carefully controlled trade? a. Capitalism b. Monetary c. Free enterprise d. Mercantilism

45. d. Mercantilism

46. 66. How did the London Company’s “headright system” work?

    A. It encouraged colonists to move to Virginia by giving 50 acres of land per person to individuals and groups who paid their own way. B. It invited colonists to bring servants and relatives to Virginia by discounting fares for every additional person brought from England. C. It motivated colonists to stay in Virginia by promising 50 acres of land to anyone who devoted ten years to plantation work. D. It attracted farmers, carpenters, and hunters to Virginia by paying their way and guaranteeing them work.

47. A. It encouraged colonists to move to Virginia by giving 50 acres of land per person to individuals and groups who paid their own way.

48. 4 On the night of April 18, 1775, a force of 700 British soldiers left Boston in search of a major colonial weapons storehouse rumored to be located where? a. Concord b. Lexington c. Bunker Hill d. Cambridge

49. a.Concord

50. 8 What effect did Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense have on colonial leaders?

    a. It caused them to reject Enlightenment ideas. b. It inspired them to challenge British authority. c. It explained to them the good sense of monarchy. d. It persuaded them to modify British laws.

51. b.It inspired them to challenge British authority.

52. 11 Why did Thomas Jefferson feel the colonists had the right to break away from Great Britain?

    a. Jefferson did not believe in any form of government. b. Great Britain did not protect the rights of the colonists. c. Jefferson did not agree that social contracts should be obeyed. d. Great Britain no longer showed a desire to govern the colonists.

53. b.Great Britain did not protect the rights of the colonists.

54. 12 Why was the phrase “taxation without representation” so important to the revolutionary cause?

    a. Colonists did not wish to support a government in which they had no voice. b. Great Britain would have ended taxation if colonists had kept the peace. c. Colonists believed that Great Britain should only tax certain items. d. Great Britain only taxed the colonists to force them into war.

55. a.Colonists did not wish to support a government in which they had no voice.

56. 17 Why was winning the battle in New Jersey so important to George Washington?

    a. The one-year contract many of his soldiers were fighting under was due to expire, and he knew soldiers would not reenlist in a losing army. b. The supply of cash Congress had given him was running low, and mercenaries from the German state of Hesse were threatening to flee. c. He had retreated across the Delaware into Pennsylvania, and if he didn’t come through with a victory his political career would be over. d. He had chosen a defensive approach to war, and the fact that he’d suffered severe losses as a result made him look like a poor leader.
57. a.The one-year contract many of his soldiers were fighting under was due to expire, and he knew soldiers would not reenlist in a losing army.

58. 19 Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point for the Patriots?

    a. The Patriots realized they did not need foreign allies. b. The Patriots saved the army from losing enlisted men. c. The Patriots got a Prussian to train the Continental Army. d. The Patriots gained the support of France and Spain.

59. d.The Patriots gained the support of France and Spain.

60. 22 Why was the winter at Valley Forge such a difficult time for the Continental Army?

    a. The army lacked protection and supplies. b. The army began to turn against the revolution. c. The army lost several important battles. d. The army refused to drill and train.

61. a.The army lacked protection and supplies.

62. 26 What was the first event that led to the Patriots’ defeat of the British at Yorktown?

    a. George Washington combined his troops with those of the French general, Comte de Rochambeau. b. Charles Cornwallis prepared to attack a small Patriot force led by the Marquis de Lafayette. c. Charles Cornwallis moved his troops in hopes of maintaining communication with the British Navy. d. A French naval fleet approaching from the West Indies seized control of the Chesapeake Bay.

63. .Charles Cornwallis moved his troops in hopes of maintaining communication with the British Navy.

64. 29 What was the primary reason why the British entered into peace talks with America after the Battle of Yorktown?

    a. The British suffered the loss of thousands of soldiers, and knew it would take years to recruit and train that many new men. b. The British had been neglecting its relations with France and decided to change their focus to matters closer to home. c. The British chose to give up the small portion of land making up the 13 colonies and turned their focus to the land in the West. d. The British could afford to spend years on writing an agreeable treaty, but could not afford to spend more money on its army.

65. d.The British could afford to spend years on writing an agreeable treaty, but could not afford to spend more money on its army.

66. 74 What did the colonists call TheCoercive Acts, passed by Parliament in the spring of 1774?

    a. “The Tariff of Abominations” b. “Acts of Cruelty” c. “The Intolerable Acts” d. “King Charles’ Revenge”

67. c.“The Intolerable Acts”

68. 83 Which of the following was NOT part of the Intolerable Acts that Britain decided to put on the colonists following the Boston Tea Party? a. The colonists had to swear allegiance to King James b. The charter of Massachusetts was canceled and the legislature could only meet if the governor gave permission c. A new Quartering Act required colonists to house British soldiers d. British General Thomas Gage became the new governor of Massachusetts

69. a.The colonists had to swear allegiance to King James

70. 3. Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom declared that

    a. governments could punish those who tried to control the religion of citizens. b. it was the government’s responsibility to provide funding for churches. c. church and state should not be separated when it came to matters of religion. d. no person could be forced to attend church or to pay for a church with taxes.
71. d. no person could be forced to attend church or to pay for a church with taxes.
72. 4. How did the ideas in Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom differ from previous ideas held by the government?a. Thomas Jefferson felt that the government had no right to control religious choice.b. Thomas Jefferson felt that state governments should create “official” churches.c. Thomas Jefferson felt that the national government should determine the religions that could be practiced.d. Thomas Jefferson felt that all American citizens should practice the same religion.
73. a. Thomas Jefferson felt that the government had no right to control religious choice.

74. 14. What was the significance of the Articles of Confederation?

    a. They created the first national court system in the United States. b. They established the first national government of the United States. c. They created a government for the U.S. that was very similar to Great Britain’s. d. They established America’s independence from Great Britain.
75. b. They established the first national government of the United States.

76. 16. Which of these was the main cause of Shays’s Rebellion?

    a. the depression that followed the severing of trade ties with Britain b. the Massachusetts policy that forced farmers to pay taxes on land c. the period of inflation in the United States after the war d.the inability of the national government to regulate trade
77. b. the Massachusetts policy that forced farmers to pay taxes on land

78. 19. Why did the Articles of Confederation make it hard for Congress to protect its land or citizens against foreign threats?

    a. The Articles were established on the basis of peace and did not allow Congress to create a national army. b. The Articles gave sole power to army leaders to make decisions about relations with foreign countries. c. There was no army and the Articles did not allow Congress to force states to provide soldiers for an army. d. There were no laws about protecting the country against foreign threats so there was little that Congress could do.
79. c. There was no army and the Articles did not allow Congress to force states to provide soldiers for an army.

80. 26. How did the Great Compromise resolve the debate over state representation in the federal government?

    a. It created a bicameral legislature, where the population of each individual state in the nation would determine the number of representatives in each house. b. It created a unicameral legislature, where the number of representatives in the house would be based on the population of a state. c. It created a bicameral legislature, where in one house state population determined the number of representatives and in the other the number of representatives were equal. d.It created a unicameral legislature, where the number of representatives in the house would be equal regardless of the size of the state.
81. c. It created a bicameral legislature, where in one house state population determined the number of representatives and in the other the number of representatives were equal.

82. 28. How did the delegates resolve the debate over how slaves should factor into representation in government?

    a. They decided that each individual slave should count as one person when determining representation. b. They decided that slaves were not citizens and should not be counted when determining representation. c. They reached a compromise that allowed every ten slaves to be counted as one person. d. They reached a compromise that allowed each individual slave to be counted as three-fifths of a person.
83. d. They reached a compromise that allowed each individual slave to be counted as three-fifths of a person.

84. 29. What is federalism?

    a. a system of government in which the central government has all the powers of government b. a system of government that keeps each branch of government from having too much power c. a system of government in which powers of government are shared between the national and state governments d. a system of government in which the state governments have all the powers of government
85. c. a system of government in which powers of government are shared between the national and state governments