Development of Urinary system and reproductive system

1. Development of Urinary system and reproductive system 1. Development of kidney and ureter 2. Development of urinary bladder and urethra 3. Abnormality in urinary system 4. Development of gonad 5. Development of reproductive tracts 6. Abnormality in reproductive system

2. 3rd week: HeadsegmentationNephrotome → Intermediate Pronephros Mesoderm Other migration, proliferation Nephrogenic cord → Mesonephros and Metanephros

3. Mesonephric ridge Urinary system, Genital excurrent ducts Gonadial ridge Gonad Intermediate mesoderm 3rd week Nephrogenic cord Urogenital ridge Intermediate mesoderm ─────→ ───→ ─── Pudendum

4. Mesonephric ridge Urogenital ridge Gonadial ridge

5. Mesonephric ridge Gonadial ridge

6. Pronephric duct Pronephric tubule Development of urinary system 1. Pronephros 4th week Development of kidney and ureter Nephrotome (7-14th Somite) Degeneration in 1 week Mesonephric duct

7. Pronephric tubule Pronephros Time：4th week Function：no Destiny: degeneration

8. 2. Mesonephros 14-18th somite Middle part of nephrogenic cord 80 transverse S-shaped tubule Mesonephric tubule Mesonephric duct Continus to pronephric duct Inner end form renal capsule Glomerulus Outer end bind to mesonephric duct The end bind to cloaca

9. Time： end of 4th week Function: transient urinary Destiny: Most degeneration, Small part form male excurrent duct Mesonephric duct Mesonephric tubule

10. 3.Metanephros • Time：begin at 5th week, • exist forever • Function：begin at 3th month, • urinary function • Position：rise gradually Metanephros

11. End of mesonephric duct （adjacent to cloaca） Origin one Ureteric bud Prolong Ureter Embranchment ＞12 Renal pelvis, renal calyce （The end branched as T） Collecting tube

12. Origin two (Mesoderm of the mesonephric ridge) Metanephrogenic blastema Cap-shaped cell cluster S-shaped tubule Bind to collecting tubule Renal capsule Glomerulus + Renal tubule Renal corpuscle Nephron

13. Metanephrogenic blastema Mesonephric tubule Collecting tubule Renal pelvis Renal calyce Ureteric bud

14. Formation and rising of metanephros

15. Male Female Upper： Urinary bladder Urinary bladder Urogenital sinus Upper part of urethra Urethra Middle: 4-7th week Urorectal septum Lower part of urethra Vestibule of vagina Lower: Anorectal canal Development of urinary bladder and urethra Cloaca

16. Evolvement of male urogenital sinus A B E C D

17. Positional evolvement of UreterandMesonephric duct Ureter Mesonephric duct

18. Abnormality • Double ureter • Urachal fistula • Exstrophy of bladder • Polycystic kidney • Horseshoe kidney • Single kidney

19. Polycystic kidney

20. Horseshoe kidney

21. Single kidney Right single kidney Left single kidney

22. Ectopic kidney

23. Double ureter Ureter

24. Urachal fistula

25. Exstrophy of bladder

26. Development of gonad Gonad differentiation at 7th week Developmental stage： Sex undifferentiated stage→ Sex differentiated stage Reproductive tracts：２ → １ Proper current： → Feamle

27. Endoderm cells of yolk sac 4th week Proliferation, differentiation Primordial germ cells Migration in one week 6th week 6th week Gonadial ridge Primary sex cord Superficial epithelium →cell cords １.Development of undifferentiated gonad Development of gonad

28. Primordial germ cells Large and round endoderm cells in yolk sac

29. Migration of primordial germ cells 6th week

30. Histocompatibility Y antigen • H-Y antigen determine the differentiation to testis The gene of H-Y antigen located at Y chromosome The cell membrane of the cell which sex chromosome is XY possesses H-Y antigen • Primary sex cord H-Y antigen proliferation seminiferous tubule

31. Mesenchymal cell Primordial germ cells Cells of sex cord Spermatogonium Sustantacular cell Interstitial cell ２. Development of testis Primary sex cord (H-Y antigen) 7th week Separated from surface + + Testis

32. Secondary sex cord (cortical cord) 16th week Mesenchymal cells Primordial follicle Ovary Stroma ３. Development of ovary Superficial epithelium Primary sex cord (No H-Y antigen) After 10th week Degeneration Primordial germ cells Cells of sex cord + + Oogonium Follicular cells

34. Ovary Testis Rete testis Tubule rectus Follicle Seminiferous tubule Spermatogonium Primaryoocyte Sustantacular cell Follicular cell Follicle Seminiferous tubule

35. ４. Descend of testis and ovary Embryo →lengthen Gubernaculum →shorten 7th to 8th month → Scrotum

36. Development of reproductive tracts 1. Undifferentiated stage:

37. ２. Differentiation of female reproductive tract End of upper segment：Fimbria Upper and middle segment：oviduct Lower segment：Uterus End：Vaginal fornix Paramesonephric duct： Sinus tubercle： Vaginal plate Vagina Mesonephric ducts and tubules Degeneration

38. 3. Differentiation of male reproductive tract Head ── Epididymal duct Tail ── Spermaduct Metanephric duct Most of →degeneration Some of → Efferent ducts Mespnephric tubules Paramesonephric duct Degeneration

40. Abnormality of reproductive system 1. Cryptorchidism 2. Congenital inguinal hernia 3. Double uterus 4. Vaginal atresia 5. Hypospadias 6. Hermaphroditism

41. Cryptorchidism

42. Congenital inguinal hernia

43. Double uterus

44. Vaginal atresia

45. Hypospadias

46. Hermaphroditism