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Greek Art and Architecture

Greek Art and Architecture. World History Libertyville High School - 2010. Greek Sculpture. Periods of Greek Art. Archaic (1000 to 480 BC). Classical (480 to 336 BC). Hellenistic (336 BC Forward). Archaic Period. Characteristics Stiff, formal poses Lack of facial expression.

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Greek Art and Architecture

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  1. Greek Art and Architecture World History Libertyville High School - 2010

  2. Greek Sculpture

  3. Periods of Greek Art Archaic (1000 to 480 BC) Classical (480 to 336 BC) Hellenistic (336 BC Forward)

  4. Archaic Period • Characteristics • Stiff, formal poses • Lack of facial expression

  5. Classical Period Tools from Workshop Of Phideas Workshop of Phideas • Greatest sculptor = Phideas, an Athenian • Worked with wood, gold, ivory and bronze • 1958: at workshop, found cup engraved • With “I am the property of Phideas”

  6. Famous Classical Sculptures Venus de Milo Hermes and Dionysus “Faun” of Praxiteles Characteristics: subjects were gods / goddesses; more relaxed poses; more realistic nudes

  7. Parthenon Sculptures • Phideas’ students sculpted marble statues, decorations after his death • Considered world’s greatest ex. of memorial sculpture • Currently located in British Museum, displayed as “Elgin Marbles” (stolen in 1816 while ambassador to Ottoman Empire)

  8. Artists’ rendition, interior of Parthenon

  9. Hellenistic Period Dying Gaul Characteristics: pinnacle of Greek realism; Human (not gods) were focus; vivid scenes; drama, emotion ++ Laocoon

  10. Hellenistic Period Winged Victory (Nike) The Discus Thrower

  11. Fate of Greek Sculptures • Few survived the ages • Bronze sculptures melted down for their metal • 4th, 5th C. Christians believed destroying pagan statues was act of faith, piety • Burning marble produced lime, used during sieges

  12. Greek Architecture

  13. Architecture • Archaic architecture (1200-700 BC) • Built of wood, mud or brick • Nothing left except foundations • By 700 BC, populations large enough to support public buildings • Granite & marble used for temples

  14. Classical Architecture Doric Column Corinthian Column Ionian Column

  15. Classical Architecture - Doric • Earliest style • Formal, austere • Spread from Greece to Italy • Style • Columns tapered • No base to column • Plain tops

  16. Classical Architecture - Ionian • More relaxed style • Developed in E. Greece, colonies of Asia Minor • Dominated Hellenistic period • Style • Straight, thin column • Column had base • Standard to have 24 • Flutes (grooves) in each column • Two curls to either side of top

  17. Classical Architecture - Corinthian • Developed by Romans • Style • Much more ornamental tops (leaves, vines) • Ionian curls present • Flutes also present

  18. Famous Greek Buildings Lighthouse at Alexandria • 100-150 m tall; fire by night, mirrors by day • Earthquake, 14th C AD • Colossus at Rhodes • At mouth of harbor • Stood for 54 years before earthquake knocked it down

  19. Famous Greek Buildings Statue of Zeus at Olympus • Earthquake destroyed temple • Statue taken to Constantinople • Burned in riot • Temple of Artemis at Ephesus • Built high in mountains w/ temple rising into clouds • 425 feet long, 225 feet wide • 127 columns, 60 feet tall • Destroyed in 262 AD by invading Goths

  20. Parthenon • Built over older temple, around 480 BC (original destroyed when Persians occupied Athens) • Built from 447 to 431 BC • Constructed from limestone, marble • Considered the finest example of Doric architecture in its day • Turned into a Christian church in 6th C. AD • Then turned into a mosque in early 1460s • Destroyed in 1687 during siege

  21. Parthenon (Athens) Destruction of Parthenon, 1687 (newspaper sketch, 19th C.)

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