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Civil Movements. Civil Rights Movement. Leaders: Martin Luther King Malcolm X Civil Disobedience Freedom Rides Bus Boycott Marches Sit-ins Militarization As violence rose – Civil Rights Groups Militarized Black Panthers . African American Civil Rights Impact. Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Civil Rights Movement • Leaders: • Martin Luther King • Malcolm X • Civil Disobedience • Freedom Rides • Bus Boycott • Marches • Sit-ins • Militarization • As violence rose – Civil Rights Groups Militarized • Black Panthers
African American Civil Rights Impact • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Ban discrimination on employment • Discrimination in public places • Protect Voting rights • Speed up desegregation • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission • Investigates unfair treatment in the workplace • Voting Rights Act of 1965 – No literacy Test • 24th Amendment – No Poll Tax • Affirmative Action (1965) • Lyndon B. Johnson • Measures to achieve non-discrimination • Hiring without regard to race, gender, religion, national origin, or sexual orientation. • Equal Opportunity
Youth Movement • Rise of the Subculture – a group distinct from another socially, economically, politically, ethnically, etc. • Music: • Elvis Presley: rock and roll, dancing. • “Shake your pelvis like Elvis” • Entertainer: Actor, musician, etc. • Beatles: • Led the British invasion • British Bands popular in the U.S. • Beatle mania https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=MqTn9o7ITu0
Hippies • Hippy Movement started in Haight-Asbury district. • Counterculture: a culture of young people who reject mainstream American society in the 1960s, seeking to create an alternative society based on peace, love, and individual freedom. • Stood for: • Peace and Love • Heavy Drug use • Mainly Young Teenagers • Involved in many anti-war protests (Vietnam) • Woodstock • Music Festival in Upstate New York (1969) • Promote peace and love. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=wRhW2CyrqhQ
Migrant Workers • Cesar Chavez • Founder of the United Farm Workers • Used Protests and non-violence • Wanted better wages and working conditions, shorter hours. • Mainly CA and FL • Mainly Hispanic • Migrant Workers – spent a few month in the US working before returning to their native country.
“Brown Pride” • Movement in CA and FL led to cultural pride. • Chicanos Movement • Bilingual Education Act • Provide languages and cultural classes to the non-English speaking children.
Native American Movement (AIM) • Defense Group • Highest unemployment rate and poorest group • End termination program (breaking up reservation lands, give lands to N.A.s, and no fed. Funding) – provide opportunities to them on Reservations. • Challenged the government – sometimes violently. • Wanted: • Restoration of land • Bureau of Indian Affairs abolished.
Women’s Movement • Betty Friedan • Published the Feminine Mystique • Women just as capable as men • Encouraged and inspired women to go to school, return to the work force • Give up housewife role. • Equal Rights Amendment • It has been proposed since 1972 – still hasn’t passed. • Maybe one day??? • Roe v. Wade • Legalized abortions and women’s right to privacy.
Environment Protection • Environment Protection Agency • 1970 under Richard Nixon • Influential in passing environmental protection act. • 1963 – Clean Air • 1965 – Water Quality • 1966 – Scenic River Preservation • 1968 – Endangered Species Preservation
Rachel Carson • “Silent Spring” • Exposes danger of using pesticides on crops and plants • Love Canal https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=QhlXNjpI5A4