The Growth of Industry

1. The Growth of Industry 1865-1914

2. Trains linked resources, products, and markets They moved copper and lead to eastern factories Trains moved iron ore to steel mills Finished products were transported to national markets by train. As a result, certain cities became major manufacturing areas. Railroads Lead the Way

3. Examples of Manufacturing Areas • Steel Industry – Pittsburgh, PA • Textile Industry – New England states • Automobile Industry – Detroit, MI • Meat Packing – Chicago, IL

4. Other Industries Grew as a Result of the Dependence on the Railroad

5. Inventions and Inventors • Inventions had positive effects on society in that it they made tasks easier and our lives better • Key Inventions and their inventors • Light Bulb – Thomas Edison • Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell • Development of the Radio – Marconi • Airplane – The Wright Brothers

6. Henry Ford and the Automobile • Henry Ford introduced his Model T to the public in 1908 • He pioneered a cheaper way to manufacture cars, the assembly line • This enabled factories to produce large amounts of goods more quickly, also known as mass production • By using the assembly line thus mass producing, goods could be sold for cheaper prices

7. Henry Ford

8. An Age of Big Business • Two industries became very powerful and prominent during the late 1800s and early 1900s; Oil and Steel • These became known as “Big Business” • Railroads were also seen as a “Big Business”

9. Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business • National markets created by transportation advances like the automobile and trains • Captains of Industry such as John D. Rockefeller (oil), Andrew Carnegie (steel), Henry Ford (automobile), and Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroad) used different business techniques to dominate their industry • Advertising • Lower-cost production such as the assembly line

11. Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation • Even though becoming an industrial nation had a positive effect on our country, there were certain aspects that were negative. • Child labor • Low wages and long hours • Unsafe working conditions

12. Rise of Organized Labor • Dissatisfied workers organized into groups called labor unions to demand better pay and working conditions. • Trade Unions – made up of those with same craft or trade, i.e. carpenters

13. Knights of Labor – founded by garment cutters in Philadelphia -Led by Terence V. Powderly -recruited people who had been kept out of trade unions, i.e. women, African Americans, unskilled workers 3. American Federation of Labor – formed by different trade unions, represented skilled workers in various crafts. Led by Samuel Gompers

14. The Unions Act • Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (1911) • The fire killed nearly 150 workers due to doors being locked by the company to keep the women from leaving early. • International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union formed after the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire.

15. Haymarket Riot (1886) • Striking workers gathered to protest the killing of four strikers the previous day at the McCormick Harvester Company • When police ordered the crowd to break up, someone threw a bomb that a killed a police officer. • Several more people were killed in a riot that followed. • After the Haymarket Riot, many Americans associated the labor movement with terrorism and disorder.

16. Homestead Strike (1892) • Workers in Carnegie’s steel plant in Homestead, PA went on strike to protest a cut in their wages • Managers brought in nonunion workers and armed guards to protect them. • A violent clash left at least 10 people dead. Pennsylvania’s governor sent in the state militia to restore order. • The plant reopened with nonunion workers that were protected by the troops.