The Growth of Industry

1. The Growth of Industry Major Developments during the Industrial Revolution

2. British Strength Stronghold over coal and industry Laws to maintain industrial secrets

3. British Coal Trade

4. Spreading from England • Info smuggled to other nations • Railroads: India, Latin America, North America • Great Britain = “The Workshop of the World” • Major players • France • Germany • United States

5. Spreading Across Nations • The RAILROAD will be a major player in the spread of the Industrial Revolution • People • Equipment and Raw Materials • Finished Products

6. From England to France • Slow to develop • Napoleonic wars • Still dependent on farming and small business • Many scientists • Mining • Railroads

7. From England to Germany • Factories built – use British machinery • 1839 – first railway • Major business: • Coal • Iron • Textile • Government funding for industry

8. From England to America • Dominant in Northeast • New England - Shoes and textiles • Pennsylvania – coal and iron

9. Growth of Big Business Capitalism – economic system in which individuals own the means of production and make economic decisions Industrial Capitalism – continually expanding factories or investing in new businesses Goal of industrialists is to make a profit

10. Business Organizations Used to manage the business world and keep money flowing Partnerships – 2 or more entrepreneurs who can raise more capital and take on more business than if each had gone into business alone Corporations – businesses owned by stockholders who buy shares of a company

11. The Business Cycle • The Business Cycle is a free-running explanation of the economic trends of growth and contraction. • BOOMS and BUSTS • Trough = DEPRESSION • Interdependence of industry – autos and petroleum; construction and steel • When one is successful, so is the other – same for failure

12. Mass Production More machines – replace people; increase production Cheaper than human labor Development of interchangeable parts – identical machine-made parts Division of Labor – each worker performs one task as a product moved by on a conveyer belt Assembly Line – allows one product to be produced quickly in many stages

13. Interchangeable Parts • Eli Whitney – USA • Parts will all be the same • Increases production Whitney’s contributions focused on the development and mass production of firearms. This increase in production encourage the construction of a large factory system.

14. The Assembly Line • Henry Ford – USA • Perfects the Assembly Line to make his automobiles

15. Communication • Samuel Morse - USA • Telegraph • “Morse Code” • Links major cities • Guglielmo Marconi – Italy: wireless telegraph • Alexander Graham Bell – USA: telephone

16. Electricity • Increases productivity • Replaces dependence on coal • New machine development • Allows for work to continue during night hours • More comfortable living conditions • Michael Faraday – England: magnet through coal = electric current = generator • Thomas Edison – USA: Light bulb, phonograph

17. The Combustion Engine • Rudolf Diesel – Germany • Oil-burning internal-combustion engine • For factories, ships, locomotives • Inspire car engine • Vehicles will need rubber and petroleum

18. Transportation Ferdinand von Zeppelin - Germany Wilbur and Orville Wright - USA