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Urinary System

9. Urinary System. Multimedia Directory. Slide 10 Urinary System Animation Slide 22 Kidney Animation Slide 69 Kidney Stone Video Slide 73 Renal Failure Video Slide 80 Urinalysis Video Slide 88 Catheterization Video. Urinary System at a Glance. Functions of Urinary System

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Urinary System

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  1. 9 Urinary System

  2. Multimedia Directory Slide 10 Urinary System Animation Slide 22 Kidney Animation Slide 69 Kidney Stone Video Slide 73 Renal Failure Video Slide 80 Urinalysis Video Slide 88 Catheterization Video

  3. Urinary System at a Glance • Functions of Urinary System • Maintain stable internal environment • Remove waste products • Adjust water and electrolyte levels • Maintain correct pH

  4. Urinary System at a Glance • Organs of Urinary System • Two kidneys • Two ureters • One urinary bladder • One urethra

  5. Urinary System Illustrated

  6. Urinary System Combining Forms azot/o – nitrogenous waste bacteri/o – bacteria cyst/o – bladder glomerul/o – glomerulus glycos/o – sugar, glucose keton/o – ketones lith/o – stone meat/o – meatus nephr/o – kidney

  7. Urinary System Combining Forms noct/i – night olig/o – scanty protein/o – protein pyel/o – renal pelvis ren/o – kidney ureter/o – ureter urethr/o – urethra urin/o – urine ur/o – urine

  8. Urinary System Suffixes -lith stone -lithiasis condition of stones -ptosis drooping -tripsy surgical crushing -uria condition of the urine

  9. Anatomy and Physiology • Also called genitourinary system • Consists of • Two kidneys • Two ureters • One urinary bladder • One urethra

  10. Urinary System Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation of the urinary system. Back to Directory

  11. Function • Main function is to filter and remove waste products from blood • Metabolic processes produce waste • Blood becomes toxic if waste builds up • Waste materials are called urine • Urine is then removed from body

  12. Homeostasis • Responsible for homeostasis • Maintain proper balance of water and chemicals in body • Regulate levels of electrolytes • Sodium • Potassium • Chloride • Bicarbonate • Maintain pH

  13. Waste Removal • Waste is removed through system of blood vessels and tubules • Called the nephron • More than 1 million make up each kidney • Produce urine • Urine drains from kidney through ureters to bladder, into urethra, and then out of body

  14. Kidneys • Located behind peritoneum • Retroperitoneal • Concave area on edge of center called hilum • Renal artery enters • Renal vein leaves • Ureter leaves

  15. Figure 9.1Kidney structure. Longitudinal section showing the renal artery entering and the renal vein and ureter exiting at the hilum of the kidney.

  16. Internal Structure of Kidneys • Cortex • Outer portion • Medulla • Inner portion • Pyramids • Triangular shaped structures in medulla • Papilla • Tip of each renal pyramid

  17. Figure 9.2Longitudinal section of a kidney illustrating the internal structures.

  18. Internal Structures of the Kidneys • Calyx • Small open area that receives urine from each papilla • Renal pelvis • Large open area that receives urine from each calyx • Empties into ureter

  19. Figure 9.2Longitudinal section of a kidney illustrating the internal structures.

  20. Nephron • Functional unit of kidney • Microscopic • More than 1 million nephrons in each kidney • Consists of • Renal corpuscle • Renal tubules

  21. Renal Corpuscle • Two parts: • Glomerulus • Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule • Blood flows through glomerulus • Substances filtered from blood and enter glomerular capsule

  22. Kidney Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation demonstrating renal blood flow. Back to Directory

  23. Renal Tubules • Four sections: • Proximal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting tubule

  24. Renal Tubules • Filtrate flows through renal tubules to complete urine production process

  25. Figure 9.3The structure of a nephron.

  26. Three Stages of Urine Production • Urine is produced as filtrate moves through renal tubules • Three stages: • Filtration • Reabsorption • Secretion

  27. Filtration • Between glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule • Filtrate is produced • Water • Glucose • Amino acids • Wastes • Filtrate enters renal tubules

  28. Reabsorption • As filtrate moves through renal tubules • Water & desirable molecules are reabsorbed • Returned to blood in peritubular capillaries

  29. Reabsorption • As filtrate moves through renal tubules • Waste & undesirable molecules remain in renal tubules

  30. Secretion • As filtrate moves through renal tubules • Additional waste products removed from blood in peritubular capillaries • Added to filtrate in renal tubules

  31. Figure 9.7The three stages of urine production: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

  32. Ureters • Urine drains from renal pelvis into ureters • Extend from renal pelvis to urinary bladder • Lined with mucous membranes

  33. Figure 9.4The ureters extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

  34. Urinary Bladder • Elastic muscular sac • Smooth muscle tissue • Lined with mucous membrane • Folded into rugae • Lies in base of pelvis • Behind pubic symphysis

  35. Figure 9.5The structure of the urinary bladder.

  36. Urinary Bladder • Receives urine from ureters • Stores urine • Holds 250 mL of urine • Excretes through urethra • Involuntary muscle action causes: • Bladder to contract • Internal sphincter to relax • Voluntary muscles control external sphincter

  37. Urethra • Tubular canal lined with mucous membrane • 1½ inches long in females • 8 inches long in males • Carries urine from bladder to outside of body • External opening is called urinary meatus

  38. Urethra • Releasing urine from body is called • Micturition • Voiding • Urination

  39. Figure 9.6AThe male urethra extends from the urinary bladder in the floor of the pelvis through the penis to the urinary meatus.

  40. Figure 9.6BThe much shorter female urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the floor of the pelvis and exits just in front of the vaginal opening.

  41. Urine • Normally straw colored to clear • 95% water • Contains: • Excess water • Excess electrolytes • Toxins • Nitrogen wastes

  42. Urine • Normal 24-hour output 1,000 to 2,000 mL • Acidic, specific gravity varies • 1:001 to 1:030

  43. Table 9.1Values for Urinalysis Testing

  44. Table 9.2Abnormal Urinalysis Findings

  45. Additional Combining Forms • bi/o – life • carcin/o – cancer • corpor/o – body • hem/o – blood • hemat/o – blood • necr/o – death • neur/o – nerve • peritone/o – peritoneum

  46. Additional Combining Forms • py/o – pus • ven/o – vein

  47. Additional Suffixes • -al pertaining to • -algia pain • -ar pertaining to • -ary pertaining to • -cele protrusion • -eal pertaining to • -ectasis dilated • -ectomy surgical removal

  48. Additional Suffixes • -emia blood condition • -genic produced by • -gram record • -graphy process of recording • -ic pertaining to • -itis inflammation • -logist one who studies • -logy study of

  49. Additional Suffixes • -lysis to destroy • -malacia softening • -megaly enlarged • -meter instrument to measure • -oma tumor • -ory pertaining to • -osis abnormal condition • -ostomy create a new opening

  50. Additional Suffixes • -otomy cutting into • -ous pertaining to • -pathy disease • -pexy surgical fixation • -plasty surgical repair • -rrhagia abnormal flow condition • -sclerosis hardening

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