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Afghanistan

Afghanistan. By: Meg Carr. History. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.oldhousebooks.co.uk/images. Conflicts with British India continued until 1970s (2).

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Afghanistan

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  1. Afghanistan By: Meg Carr

  2. History

  3. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.oldhousebooks.co.uk/imageshttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.oldhousebooks.co.uk/images • Conflicts with British India continued until 1970s (2) • Between the late 1800s and early 1900s Great Britain fought 3 wars with Afghanistan with the goal of consolidating it’s Indian empire and to prevent Russia from moving South into their territory (2)

  4. In the 1970s King Zahir Shah tired to modernize Afghanistan (2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fractal-vortex.narod.ru/Afghanistan/Afghanistan_files/afghanstudents_1980_Kabul_U.jpg&imgrefurl=http:// • He gave women more rights and tried to modernize the economy(2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://intelligencepool.com/images/afghan%2520king.jpg&imgrefurl=http://intelligencepool.com • However, these modernizations only truly took effect in the capital of Kabul(2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://farm1.static.flickr.com/121/262098367_7c10b4e30f.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flickr.com

  5. In 1978, Communists seized Afghanistan (2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i83.photobucket.com/albums/j313/unitarymoonbat/khalq-flag.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dailykos.com/ http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ygyuqVU0Dv4/TVD745Mfo4I/AAAAAAAAAR4/UjGOWnA8cv0/s1600/russian-army-withdrawing-from-afghanistan.jpg • Islamic leaders called on Afghanis to oppose the new government (2) • Late 1979, the Soviet Union sent troops to support the Communist regime (2)

  6. Afghan guerrillas or mujahideen (Islamic warriors) resisted the Soviet invasion (2) • The U.S. supported the mujahideen and the Muslim fighters who poured into Afghanistan from the rest of the Muslim world fight communism (2) http://sjmb.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/mujahideen-afghanistan-1984.jpg • Hundreds of thousands of Afghans died and millions fled to Pakistan and Iran (2) http://www.swedishcommittee.org/afghanistan/index/map_afghanistan.gif

  7. The Soviet troops withdrew in 1988-89(2) • However, civil war continued into the 1990s (2) • In 1992 the mujahideen overthrew the Afghanistan’s communist president(2) • However it was not a smooth transition (2) Taliban fighters ride a tank they have captured from Hezb-i-Islami. 1995. World Conflicts Today. ProQuest, 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2011.

  8. Rise of the Taliban • Almost all of the Taliban leaders were mujahideen who had fought the communists(2) • The Taliban came into the public view in 1992 when they freed from bandits a convoy of Pakistani trucks(2) • The Taliban went on to seize weapons and planes which they used to control Kandahar (2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sTEk0d9yUGo/TWCvC1_22ZI/AAAAAAAAACg/Rgzwm9g7HBI/s1600/map_afghanistan_kandahar.gif&imgrefurl=http://educational-b.blogspot.com/2011/02/kandahar-province-with-more-pictures.

  9. Kabul fell to the Taliban on September 26, 1996 (2) • They imposed the strictest sharia law in the world (2) • These harsh laws included: amputations for thieves, stonings for adulterers, and mandatory long burkas for women and beards for men. (2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://jalopnik.com/assets/resources/2008/03/Burka.jpg&imgrefurl

  10. In the late 1990s the Taliban open Afghanistan to the terrorist group Al-Qa’ida led by Osama bin Laden (2) • After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, special forces from the U.S. and several other countries began their offensive against the Taliban on October 7, 2001 (2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_CZ6DtE8Ne9g/TIdZLquurkI/AAAAAAAABfA/XMJJwuSr37I/s400/twin-towers280_436781a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tommclaughlin.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_ • By the end of 2001 the Taliban was out and an interim government was established (2) • However, the Taliban has not given up (2)

  11. Fighting continues today in Afghanistan (2) • The Taliban and other warlords still control many parts of the country (2) http://www.topnews.in/files/osama-bin-laden101.jpg • In June 2010 the War in Afghanistan surpassed Vietnam as the U.S.’s longest conflict (2) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.historycommons.org/events-images/371_afghanistan_divided2050081722-9311.jpg&imgrefurl=http

  12. Global and Regional Impacts

  13. As the conflict continues the more the Afghan people will suffer violence at the hands of the Taliban and warlords(2) • Continued conflict could cause major problems in Pakistan and other neighboring countries(2) • The Taliban and al-Qa’ida seek refuge in the tribal areas of Pakistan and could threaten the Pakistani government(2) • If Afghanistan remains a safe place for terrorists to hide and plot attacks the entire world is at rick(2)

  14. Obstacles

  15. There continue to be many obstacles to success in Afghanistan • The terrain in Afghanistan is very difficult for fighting and makes it easy for the Taliban and Al-Qa’ida hide out (2) • The opium trade is a large part of the economy meaning many average citizens do not have a way to support themselves without this illicit business (3) • Many people do not support the government that has been established meaning they still support the Taliban and are willing to hide them (2) • Also, U.S. support for the long and expensive war is waning (2) • Violent extremists have been given sanctuary and support by elements in western Pakistan (5)

  16. Possible Solutions

  17. There must be a clear assessment of Pakistan’s military and the U.S. must create a U.S.-Pakistan relationship based not solely on counterterrorism but a positive future for Pakistan (5) • The U.S. must work on creating consistent safety for the common citizens so they will support our campaign (5) • The U.S. must work to increase the size and capabilities of the Afghan National Security Forces (5) • The U.S needs to work with Afghan leaders to reduce corruption in the government and work to generate support (5)

  18. There must be improvement in Afghanistan-Pakistan relationship(4) • Leaders in both countries need to commit to talks in a safe and trusted environment (4) • It is also vital to involve tribal leaders along the boarder (4) • They also need to discuss the role of India in Afghanistan (4) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newsmild.com/wp-content/uploads/turkey-hosts-pakistan-afghan-talks.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newsmild.com/

  19. Human Geography

  20. (2)Life expectancy: 45.02 years (1) • Geography: Afghanistan is (1)landlocked, it is divided by the Hindu Kush mountain range, and there is a lack of potable water (1) • (4)Refugees and (5)Internally displaced persons: 132,246 (mostly those displaced in south and west due to drought and instability (1) • (3)Population: about 29,835,392 (1) • There are many different (6)ethnic groups including: Pashtun, Tajik, HazaraAimak, Turkmen, and Baloch (1) • (7)Literacy rate: male, 43.1% and female, 12.6% (1) • (8)Religion: 80% Sunni Muslim, 19% Shia Muslim, 1% other (1)

  21. Works Cited

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