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AFGHANISTAN

AFGHANISTAN. HOW DID AFGHANISTAN’S HISTORY AFFECT ITS DEVELOPMENT?. AFGHANISTAN: HISTORY. 3000 – 2000 BCE – urban civilization began 550 – 331 bce – Persian empire 330 – 327 bce – Alexander the Great 320* -- Maurya empire 250s bce – 200’s ce – Kushan empire

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AFGHANISTAN

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  1. AFGHANISTAN HOW DID AFGHANISTAN’S HISTORY AFFECT ITS DEVELOPMENT?

  2. AFGHANISTAN: HISTORY • 3000 – 2000 BCE – urban civilization began • 550 – 331 bce – Persian empire • 330 – 327 bce – Alexander the Great • 320* -- Maurya empire • 250s bce – 200’s ce – Kushan empire • 200s – 630s ce – fragmentation / Persian • 637 – 900s – Islam (Muslims -- Abbasid) • 900s – 1220 – Islam (Muslims – Ghaznavid) • 1220 – 1504 – Mongols • 1504 – 1747 – Mughals • 1747 – 1978 – Pashtun rule (indigenous – Ahmad Shah)

  3. How did global forces affect Afghanistan in the 1800s? • The Great Game (1800s) >> competition b/t Russia and Britain for control of Central Asia – why? • First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42) • Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878) • Third Anglo – Afghan War (1918) • RESULT: TREATY OF RAWALPINDI (INDEPENDENCE)

  4. AFGHANISTAN: THE 20TH CENTURY The Cold War (1945 – 1992) Post- Soviet invasion Civil War: 1992 – 1996 Taliban control: 1996 – 2001 Sept. 11, 2001 – attack on WTC Fall of 2001 – US attack on Afghanistan (Taliban gov’t. collapsed, BUT… 2001 – present: US occupation • Border disputes with Pakistan caused the Afghan gov’t. to shift towards the USSR (1948 – 63) • Conflicts over the type of government – monarchy overthrown (1973 - 1978) • Communist overthrow of Daoud (1978) • Threat of overthrow of the Communists >> Soviet invasion • 1979-89 guerilla war (mujahideen) against Soviets

  5. Summing Up… WHAT CONCLUSIONS CAN WE MAKE ABOUT AFGHANISTAN BASED ON ITS HISTORY? HOW DOES THE HISTORY HELP TO EXPLAIN LIVING CONDITIONS IN AFGHANISTAN TODAY?

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