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Syntax

Syntax. 2 nd class Chapter 4. Syntactic Categories. That glass suddenly broke. A jogger ran toward the end of the lane. These dead trees might block the road. The detective quickly looked through the records. The peaches appear quite ripe.

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Syntax

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  1. Syntax 2nd class Chapter 4

  2. Syntactic Categories • That glass suddenly broke. • A jogger ran toward the end of the lane. • These dead trees might block the road. • The detective quickly looked through the records. • The peaches appear quite ripe. • Jack will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra.

  3. Those guests have left S NP Aux VP

  4. Those guests have left S NP Aux VP Det N those guests

  5. Those guests have left S NP Aux VP Det N have those guests

  6. Those guests have left S NP Aux VP Det N have V those guests left

  7. Maria ate a brownie S NP Aux VP

  8. Maria ate a brownie S NP Aux VP N Maria

  9. Maria ate a brownie S NP Aux VP N past Maria

  10. Maria ate a brownie S NP Aux VP N past V NP Maria ate det N a brownie

  11. That shelf will fall S NP Aux VP

  12. That shelf will fall S NP Aux VP Det N that shelf

  13. That shelf will fall S NP Aux VP Det N will those guests

  14. That shelf will fall S NP Aux VP Det N will V that shelf fall

  15. The glass broke S NP Aux VP

  16. The glass broke S NP Aux VP Det N the glass

  17. The glass broke S NP Aux VP Det N past the glass

  18. The glass broke S NP Aux VP Det N past V the glass broke

  19. Syntactic Trees • The pretty girl ate the sandwich quickly. • This house is full of love. • She is working in the park. • The cat and the dog are enemies. • I saw Peter or Paul in the mall.

  20. Ambiguous sentences (Structural ambiguity) • I shot an elephant in underwear. • The cat chased the dog in the park. • He saw the robber with a binocular.

  21. Types of Verbs • Intransitive verbs: do not take an NP e.g., I sleep • Transitive: take an NP (object) e.g., I met her in the mall. • Ditransitive: take 2 NPs (or 1 NP and 1 PP) e.g., I gave my wife a gift. • Linking: describes the subject. e.g., You look marvelous; She became a doctor; I feel dizzy; I am fine • Verbs with sentential complements: followed by a whole sentence. e.g., The ancients believed (that) the earth was flat.

  22. What kind of verb? • He is very boring. • I like vegetables and fruits. • I saw my friend yesterday. • I sold my car to my boss. • She told me the truth. • I feel bad. • I think that you should go to the party. • Peter gave Mark the cheese. • Paul realized that Maria fed the baby. • Carlos wonders if Peter is afraid of him. • Peter gave the cheese to Mark.

  23. Embedded sentences • I think that you should go to the party.

  24. Embedded sentences • Paul realized that Maria fed the baby.

  25. Rules • S  NP Aux VP • NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) • VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP) • PP  P NP • AP  Adj (PP) • CP  Comp S

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