European Exploration

1. European Exploration Unit 4

2. Today in Georgia History: http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/vince-dooley

3. Standard: SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando de Soto. c. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area.

4. Period of Exploration • While the Native Americans were evolving, Europe was changing as well. European countries were in a competition to be the most powerful country. They wanted the most wealth and military power. • The kingdoms vying for power were: • Portugal • Spain • France • England

5. Why explore? • The countries wanted valued good from the East, this includes China, India, and Japan. • These were called “the Indies” • Muslim traders controlled the western Asia area and the travel to the area was dangerous, often lethal. • Portugal took the early lead in the race of exploration.

6. Let’s learn about some explorers • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=european+exploration

7. Marco Polo • Marco Polo was an explorer. He traveled the world and found spices and riches in the East (what is now known as India) • Europeans decided to use the same route, called the Silk Road, to trade with the East.

8. The Road became Dangerous • 1400s – Silk Road was controlled by Muslims • Made it difficult to travel • Europeans needed a new way to travel, so they looked at the waterways • Prince Henry “the Navigator,” of Portugal, wanted to be the first to reach India by the sea and believed that the quickest way would be to go south around Africa.

9. Christopher Columbus • Columbus was from Portugal and wanted to take a western route to the Indies, but the King of Portugal was interested in an Eastern route so he refused to fund the expedition. • Columbus presented his idea to the Spanish king and queen. • Spanish rulers, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, were interested in finding a faster route and Portugal to reach the area first by sea, so they hired Christopher Columbus.

10. Spain • The thinking of the day was now that the world was in fact round, not flat, but they thought the ocean was much smaller. They did not know about the Americas. • This is why Columbus thought that the quickest way to get to the East would be to sail westward. • October 12, 1492, Columbus landed in San Salvador (a Caribbean island), off the coast of North America. • He thought he had arrived in the Indies, so he called the Native Americans, Indians. This term now refers to native peoples. (indigenous)

12. A New World was discovered • Spanish rulers realized that Columbus had discovered a “new world,” so they sent conquistadors (conquerors) to take control over this new land. • The discovery made Spain the dominant world power. • Portugal was worried because Spain did in one year what they’d try to do in the last century. Sorry Henry! • Portugal worries that this would threaten current shipping lines.

13. Why did they come to North America? • Spain was interested in the 3 Gs • God • Glory • Gold • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLAgnamnYk0

14. Line of Demarcation • Because Spain and Portugal were both catholic, This prompted Pope Alexander VI to draw the Line of Demarcation to keep the Spanish and Portuguese from going to war. • Line was drawn 400 miles east of the Azores • The Portuguese felt the line favored Spain so they whined and the line was changed Under the Treaty of Tordesillas 700 Miles further west. • Ended up that Portugal received only one land from the line (modern day Brazil) Spain ended up becoming the dominant world power. • France & England said “Euh, je ne pense pas, or Um, I don’t think so!”

16. Juan Ponce de Leon • 1st Spanish explorer to reach the what is now called the United States. Or was he? Some historians dispute. • He came looking for the legendary Fountain of Youth, yeah, he did that, but he didn’t find it. He was also seeking riches and adventure. • 1513 arrived in Florida. He thought he was on an island and he named it “Isla Florida” which means island of flowers. • He returned to Florida 8 years later with intentions of establishig a settlement but met with Hostile Indians and died from battle wounds.

17. Spain makes claims • Spain now lays claim to Florida.

18. Spanish in Georgia • Some historians say that Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon was the first European to arrive on the continent. • came with 600 settlers to the coast in 1526 looking for slaves to replace those who’d died from disease in Hispaniola (African slaves) among them he had African slaves, free blacks and Spanish settlers. Their job was to settle the land because England was now checking out their New World territory. • Settled in area of McIntosh, GA • Started a settlement called San Miguel de Gualdape

19. Settlement abandoned 6 weeks after it was started b/c • Unusual early cold weather • Ayllon dies 10 days after arriving there • Illness and death • Slave uprising – 1st in North America • Lack of food & shelter • Native American uprising against the settlers