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The Cold War

The Cold War. 2 Superpowers: USA vs. USSR. 1945-1991. USSR wants to spread communism all over Eastern Europe USSR refuses to give up its portion of Germany (& of Berlin ) Germany becomes 2 countries East – Communist West – Democratic Berlin was also divided East – Communist

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War 2 Superpowers: USA vs. USSR 1945-1991

  2. USSR wants to spread communism all over Eastern Europe • USSR refuses to give up its portion of Germany (& of Berlin) • Germany becomes 2 countries • East – Communist • West – Democratic • Berlin was also divided • East – Communist • West - Democratic

  3. At the Yalta Conference, the “Big 4” – Soviet Union, USA, France and Great Britain – decide what they will do with Germany once the war ends. The Big 4 divide up Germany

  4. The Soviet Union annexed several surrounding countries. Winston Churchill called it an “IronCurtain” to describe the separation of Europe

  5. What’s the big deal about Communism? Well, we are very different . . .

  6. 1. Truman Doctrine • President Truman told Congress that the US will lead the fight against communism What a great plan! I am a genius! The US Response-5 Strategies

  7. 2. Containment • The US will stop Communism from spreading HELP THEY’RE CONTAINING ME!

  8. 3. Stop the Domino Theory • General Eisenhower feared if one country became communist then others would fall as well

  9. 4. MarshallPlan • Offers $13 billion to help Europe recover. The Soviet Union deniedthe help, so it was divided between Western European countries.

  10. 5. They form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • In 1949, in order to containcommunism, 12 Western European nations along with the U.S. agreed to aid any member that was attacked. • WestGermany was allowed to form an army and join NATO.

  11. 1. The Soviet Union created a blockade (blocking railroads and trucks) around Berlin to keep supplies from coming into the democratic part of Berlin. They hoped to force the Allies to give up control of Berlin to the Soviets. • This lasted from May, 1948 to June, 1949. • The Allied nations kept the people in West Berlin alive by dropping supplies and food by airplane. The Soviet Response

  12. In 1961, Krushchevbuilt a wall that separated Communist East Berlin from the rest of the city. • The Berlin Wall stood as a symbol of the Cold War for nearly 30 years. 2. The Soviet Union built the Berlin Wall

  13. 2. Statistics • 66 miles long; 11.81 feet high. Total border is 96 miles long. • 302 Total Watch Towers • 239 people killed ON the wall • Over 500 injured by shooting • 3200 arrested attempting to escape • Dozens of East German guards escaped at first, until finally Russians were made guards

  14. Berlin Wall Germany in 1961

  15. 3. They formed the Warsaw Pact • This is an alliancemade up of countries with Communistgovernments.

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