Water Purification Comparison

1. Water Purification Comparison UltrafiltrationReverse Osmosis UV Disinfection www.sunshineworks.com

2. Where does your water come from? • Municipal water supply • Well • Lake • Bore hole • Cistern www.sunshineworks.com

3. What is in your water? • Bacteria- e. coli, other coliforms • Viruses • Parasites – Giardia, Cryptosporidium • Pesticides • Fecal matter • Algae • Medications dissolved in drinking water • Dissolved solids – salts, minerals, heavy metals • Suspended solids – dirt, silt www.sunshineworks.com

4. How Filtration Systems Work • Ultrafiltration sieves out contaminants by molecular size and weight. • Reverse Osmosis sieves out contaminants AND removes dissolved solids (salts, minerals, metals and other ions). • Both Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration systems create a barrier to remove contaminants. • Pore size is extremely small on reverse osmosis systems and a bit larger on ultrafiltration systems. • The pore size affects the amount of pressure, and therefore energy, required to push the water through the membrane. www.sunshineworks.com

5. Filter Membrane www.sunshineworks.com

6. Size Matters www.sunshineworks.com

7. What Filtration Systems Remove www.sunshineworks.com

8. Ultrafiltration In Use • Physical barrier to contaminants • Removes bacteria, viruses, parasites, pesticides, medications, algae, dirt, silt and other suspended solids • Low energy requirement • Good for lakes, streams, wells • Not for seawater or brackish water www.sunshineworks.com

9. Ultrafiltration www.sunshineworks.com

10. Definition of Reverse Osmosis • High pressure feed water is forced against a dense, membrane surface. • Water molecules diffuse through the membrane leaving the concentrated salts, other ions and contaminants behind. www.sunshineworks.com

11. Reverse Osmosis in Use • Removes dissolved salts, minerals, metals and sugars • Removes algae, bacteria, viruses, parasites, pesticides, medications, dirt, silt and other suspended solids. • Best method for producing very pure water. • Only viable method for large volume desalination of brackish water or seawater. • Energy intensive • Requires prefiltration www.sunshineworks.com

12. Reverse Osmosis For Salt Water www.sunshineworks.com

13. Ultra Violet Light system In Use • Feed water flows past an ultra violet light bulb. • The UV rays destroy the DNA in organisms. • Effectiveness is determined by water clarity, flow rate and UV ray output. www.sunshineworks.com

14. Ultra Violet Light Kills DNA www.sunshineworks.com

15. Ultra Violet Light Pros and Cons • Effectiveness-UV light destroys DNA in bacteria and viruses, effectively killing the organism. • The light source must be sufficiently bright and the feed water must have the proper flow rate to be effective. Difficult to determine effectiveness without lab testing. • Turbidity-Dissolved solids that turn water dark will also block UV light, making it much less effective. • The feed water must be absolutely clear to effectively kill all the organisms. • Limitations UV only kills microorganisms. • UV cannot remove salts, minerals, heavy metals, pesticides and other inorganic compounds from water. • Best as a final stage after ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis. www.sunshineworks.com

16. Ultrafiltration or Ultra Violet • Designed for NON POTABLE WATER • UF provides a PHYSICAL BARRIER to organisms • SystemREMOVES 99.9999% of bacteria and 99.999% of viruses • ASIMPLE integrity test validates performance • ALOW ENERGY requirement • HasPASSED EVP/EVT test protocol • For HIGH CAPACITY filtration • VeryLOW WASTE stream • VerySIMPLE to setup and maintain • ProducesCRYSTAL CLEAR WATER • Drinking water that TASTES GOOD Designed for PRETREATED WATER UV is NOTA BARRIER to contaminating organisms. Effectiveness depends on water CLARITY, flow rate and bulb position UV has NO SIMPLE FIELD TEST Requires POWER to illuminate Has NO TESTING CLAIMS Portable units for LOWCAPACITY treatment only Requires ABSOLUTELY CLEAR water source Best as final stage www.sunshineworks.com

17. Ultrafiltration or Reverse Osmosis • Designed for NON POTABLE WATER • UF provides a PHYSICAL BARRIER to organisms • SystemREMOVES 99.9999% of bacteria and 99.999% of viruses • ASIMPLE integrity test validates performance • ALOW ENERGY requirement • HasPASSED EVP/EVT test protocol • For HIGH CAPACITY filtration • VeryLOW WASTE stream • VerySIMPLE to setup and maintain • ProducesCRYSTAL CLEAR WATER • Drinking water that TASTES GOOD • Designed for DESALINATION of brackish water or seawater • Provides a PHYSICAL BARRIER to contaminating organisms • Remove 96-98% of DISSOLVED SALTS, MINERALS andMETALS • Concentrate from system is WASTE stream • ASIMPLE TDS test to validate • RO has HIGH ENERGY requirement • Best for labs, hospitals or HIGH PURITYapplications www.sunshineworks.com

18. Questions? Ron CastleOwner www.sunshineworks.com 111 First Avenue NW, Suite 2Winchester, Tennessee 37398-1643 USA+1.931.962.8665 Phone+1.888.878.6014 FAX Toll Free+1.931.607.1392 Mobile and SMSroncastle@sunshineworks.comSkype ID roncastle www.sunshineworks.com