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Morphology and Lexicon 形态学 词汇学

Morphology and Lexicon 形态学 词汇学. Chapter 3. Word (p. 74). Definition Four characteristics. Word Classes- 按开放性分 (76). We can add new words. Closed class / grammatical or functional words. prep., conj., conj. adverbs, relatives, auxiliary verbs, to be, pronouns, pro-words.

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Morphology and Lexicon 形态学 词汇学

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  1. Morphology and Lexicon形态学 词汇学 Chapter 3

  2. Word (p. 74) • Definition • Four characteristics

  3. Word Classes-按开放性分 (76) We can add new words Closed class / grammatical or functional words prep., conj., conj. adverbs, relatives, auxiliary verbs, to be, pronouns, pro-words Word Open class / lexical or content words We cannot add new words n., notional v., adj., adv.

  4. Word Classes-按词义分 Conj., prep., primary verbs, modal v., interj., particle n., pronoun, full v., adj., adv. numeral

  5. Word Classes-按在句子重要性分

  6. Word Classes—Other Categories

  7. Morpheme （语素）81 Definition: -- Themost basic element of meaning in language that carries grammatical and / or semantic meaning，an element that cannot be further divided into smaller units without altering its meaning. unacceptable un, accept, able

  8. Morpheme 1. work 2. chairman 3. boys 4. sleeping 5. disappointment work (one-morpheme word) chair man (two-morpheme word) boy -s sleep -ing dis- appoint -ment (three-morpheme word)

  9. Types of Morphemes (p. 83) 1. Free morpheme & bound morpheme 2. Root, affix and stem 3. Inflectional affix & derivational affix

  10. Free morpheme & Bound morpheme (83) • Free morpheme（自由语素）： those that may occur alone, that is, those which may make up words by themselves. e.g. boy, girl, desk, chair Mono-morphemic words (单语素词) All the mono-morphemic words are free morphemes.

  11. bookmark, bookworm, sunflower, undertake Poly-morphemic words(多语素词） Compounds (复合词) Those words consist of free morphemes only.

  12. dislike, friendly, boys, looked Poly-morphemic words(多语素词） Free + bound morphemes(粘附词素）

  13. Bound Morpheme: Root & Affix & Stem unfriendliness internationalism nationalism friendliness nation friend Root

  14. Root 词根 (83) The base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without destroying its meaning, that is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are moved. All words contain a root morpheme. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (root is then called base word), which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.

  15. A word root prefix suffix determine change determine The meaning of a word The meaning of a word The characteristic of a word

  16. Stem 词干 (83) any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. friends friend (root) friendships friendship (base)

  17. uninteresting un- (prefix) -ing (suffix) interesting (stem, base) interest (root, stem) interest (root)

  18. Try Root or base? individualistic Individualist (?) Individual (?) base base Divide(?) dividual (?) undesirables Undesirable (?) root Desirable(?) base base base Desire(?) root

  19. Types of Bound Morpheme Inflectional morpheme (屈折语素)=inflectional affix(屈折词缀)：change the grammatical meaning (number, aspect, case, tense) Derivational morpheme（派生语素）=inflectional affix (派生词缀）: change the lexical meaning

  20. girls, father's, talked, higher, happiest, giving, singing, called, likes, speeches,lowest • anti-war, co-exist, entertainment,existence, essayist,irregular,unlucky,unfavorable, disagreement inflectional affixes derivational affixes

  21. Inflectional affixes include: suffixes -s/-es noun plural -'snoun possessive -s/-es verb present tense third person singular -ed verb simple past tense -ed verb past perfect participle -ing verb present participle/gerund -er adjective comparative -est adjective superlative

  22. derivational affixes include: prefixes & suffixes Ex. exist existence existent child childhood childish distinct distinction distinctive create creativity creation creative

  23. dis+like+s derivational free inflectional morpheme

  24. light+en+ed free derivational inflectional morpheme

  25. Derivational morpheme(改变词义): 改变词义：dis-, un-, multi-, micro- 改变词性：en-, -full, -ment Inflectional morpheme（改变语法含义）: 改变名称的性，数，格：-ess, -s, 改变动词的时, 态，体: -ing, -ed, 改变形容词的级：-er, -est

  26. self-check IA DA classes classmate learned movement skiing illogical experienced highest depart Jane's careless smaller DA IA & DA DA IA & DA IA IA & DA DA IA IA DA

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