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curriculum in natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010

Reservoirs as a trap for pollutants Ewa Szalinska Krakow University of Technology, Krakow, Poland. Institute of Water Supply and Environmental Protection Cracow University of Technology Krakow, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Poland. curriculum in natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010.

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curriculum in natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010

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  1. Reservoirs as a trap for pollutants EwaSzalinska Krakow University of Technology, Krakow, Poland Institute of Water Supply and Environmental Protection Cracow University of Technology Krakow, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Poland curriculumin natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010

  2. Outline: • Reservoirs as traps for sediments • Consequences of sediments trapping • Risk related to the contaminated sediments • Case study: Czorsztyn Reservoir

  3. Reservoirs as traps for sediments • “The ultimate destiny of all reservoirs is to be filled with sediment” (Linsley et al. 1992) • Trap efficiency – around 80-90% Source: www.usace.army.mil

  4. Sediment as sink for contaminants Sediment properties: • fine fraction • clays • organic C • cation exchange capacity • pH • Processes : • adsorption • absorption • ion-exchange • Co-precipitation • complexation • chelation

  5. Consequences of sediments trapping • Loss of the reservoir volume • Accumulation of sediment-associated contaminants • Major contaminants of sediments: • Nutrients • Bulk Organics • Halogenated Hydrocarbons or Persistent Organics • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) • Metals

  6. Risk related to the contaminated sediments • Possibly toxic for the invertebrates and fish • Sediment-associated contaminants can be bioaccumulated • Direct exposure for humans • Impaired human uses Source: McDonald & Ingersoll 2002

  7. Case study: Czorsztyn Reservoir Photo: T. Zabrzewski

  8. Localization Map source: http://www.zzw-niedzica.com.pl/; Photos: E. Szalinska

  9. Monometallic contamination in the sampling area 300 local tanneries Cr as a tanning agent Map source: http://www.zzw-niedzica.com.pl/; Photo: E. Szalinska

  10. Temporal distribution of Cr in the upper Dunajec Riversediments(2000-01) Source: Szalinska et al. 2003

  11. Spatial distribution of Cr in the upper Dunajec Riversediments(2000-01) Source: Szalinska et al. 2003

  12. Conceptual schema of Cr transport in the Dunajec-Czorsztyn system River Reservoir Cr(VI) dissolved Cr colloids adsorption Cr(III) precipitation poly-Cr(OH)3 LMWC coagulation particulate Cr(III) HMWC aggregation settling aggregates sedimentation After Dominik et al. 2007

  13. Spatial distribution of Cr in the Czorsztyn Reservoirsediments (2006) Source: Wachałowicz, unpublish.

  14. Spatial distribution of Cr and organic matter in the Czorsztyn Reservoirsediments (2006) Chromium Organic matter 1 % 0,130 0,012 13,8 % 0,120 Source: Wachałowicz, unpublish.

  15. Budget of Cr for the Czorsztyn Reservoir • Lack of precise data about Cr discharges; • Cr load estimated on the basis of WWTP data and water sampling results; • Suspended matter as a vector in the Cr transport (93 Kt/yr) • Total Cr load calculate with use of partition coefficient Kd (84 t/yr) Source: Szalinska et al., in prep.

  16. Further reading: • Benett & Rhoton 2007. Reservoir Sedimentation and Environmental Degradation. Assessing Trends in Sediment-Associated Trace Elements in Grenada Lake, Mississippi. J Environ Qual. 36:815-825 • Dominik et al. 2007. Speciation and environmental fate of chromium in rivers contaminated with tannery effluents. Engineering in Life Sciences, 7(2):155-169. • MacDonald & Ingersoll 2002. A guidance manual to support the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems.EPA-905-B02-001-A. • Metre & Mahler 2004. Contaminant trends in reservoir sediment cores as records of influent stream quality. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38:2978-2986 • Pye (ed) 1994. Sediment transport and depositional Processes. Blackwell Scientific Publications • Sundborg A. 1992. Lake and reservoir sedimentation. Prediction and interpretation. Geogr. Ann. 74A:93-100 • Szalinska et al. 2003. Fate of tannery chromium contamination in a stream: Temporal and spatial evolution of chromium(III) and chromium(VI). J. Physics IV, 107:1275-1278

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