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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Lesson 2. -algia. Pain Painful condition A sensation of hurting Strong discomfort in some part of the body may be caused by injury, disease, or malfunction of a structure transmitted through the nervous system. -algia.

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Lesson 2

  2. -algia • Pain • Painful condition • A sensation of hurting • Strong discomfort in some part of the body may be caused by injury, disease, or malfunction of a structure transmitted through the nervous system

  3. -algia • Cerebralgia and cephalalgia both mean headache but cephalgia is used most often.

  4. -algia • -ia (condition), alg- (pain) • -algia may be seperated into two parts: • -algia is used most often meaning pain • -alg (pain) can be used in other forms such as algesi-, algo-, algeo-, and angio- • They are used in other forms to avoid confusion with algae (plant group)

  5. Cervic- • Neck or neck-like structure • The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; used to name parts of large bones of the body where the bone becomes narrow (constricted) behind the knoblike end (head)

  6. Cervix • The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; The narrow part of a tooth at the gumline • The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; parts of pearshaped organs such as the uterus, gall bladder, and urinary bladder

  7. Chole- • Bile; gall; yellow-brown or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder (cholecyt) • The purpose of bile is to help digest foods, particularly fat. It is stored in the gallbladder and secreted into the intestines through the common bile duct (cholangi)

  8. Chole- • Another name for the bile duct is the common bile duct because it is common to (joins) the liver and the gallbladder (choledoch) • Cholangitis- inflammation of bile duct (bile vessel) angi here meaning tube, duct, or canal vs blood vessel

  9. Chondr- • Cartilage; gristle; a firm elastic tissue serving principally to connect body parts • Cartilage is found in joints, in connections between bones, and connected bones with each other

  10. Crani- • Both crani- and cranium are used to mean 3 different structures- all referring to bones of the head • All the bones of the head • All bones of the head except lower jaw (mandible) • Brain case of enclosure; all cranial bones around the brain, does not include facial bones

  11. Cyan- • Blue; generally a deep or dark blue • Have to do with an appearance of blueness usually due to reduction of red coloring matter of the blood (red blood cells (erythrocytes) and component of red blood cells (hemoglobin) • Can also refer to chemical as with cyanide

  12. cyst • Sac containing fluid • Bladder • A pouch or baglike structure or organ • Used as a receptacle for secretions

  13. cyst • Sac is a smaller unit that sack • Cyst can be an abnormal sac containing fluid or a normal saclike structure such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder

  14. end- • Inside; within; inner (sometimes seen in the for ent-) • Indicates “pointing to” something inside a body part • It may name the inner lining (usually membrane) using the form end/o/___/ium

  15. end- • It may also refer to the inside of a structure or organ in the for end/o/_____/al

  16. hem(at)- • Blood; the fluid that circulates in the heart (cardi-) and blood vessels (hemangi-) carrying nourishment and oxygen to the body cells.

  17. hem(at)- • If a root ends with the letter “m” it have the form “mat” • If a root begins with the letter “h” and begins the medical term the “h” will be retained. If the root is proceeded by another root the “h” will be dropped Retained: hemangioma Dropped: hyperemia

  18. hemi- • Half; half of; relating to or affecting a half or one side; sometimes “a part of”

  19. hyper- • Above, more than normal; excessive; opposite of hypo- (underneath or deficient) • Although it may be used to indicate “located above” it usually means “excessive” or “more than usual

  20. hypo- • Under; beneath; deficient; less than normal; underneath or below in space; opposite of hyper- • Hypotension- diminished tension; low blood pressure • Hypodermic- underneath the skin

  21. hyster- • Uterus; womb; hollow muscle organ in the female in which the egg is deposited after fertilization and develops until birth

  22. lip- • Fat; fatty; fatty tissue • Many tumors may consists of fatty substances and additional substances • Fibrolipoma- tumor containing threadlike fibers and fat

  23. lith- • Stone; a mass of extremely hard material; a calculus (an abnormal hardening of body substances or chemicals, particularly mineral salts) • Chole/lith- gallstones • Nephr/o/lith- kidney stones

  24. gallstones

  25. http://www.herringlab.com/photos/

  26. -lysis • Loosening; set free; destruction; release; breaking down; decomposition; freeing; dissolving • Lysis is a word meaning destruction; decomposition of chemical compound; loosening, as of an organ from adhesions (an abnormal “sticking together” of adjoining parts of the body)

  27. my- • Muscle; body organs consisting of bundles of cells or fibers that can be contracted and expanded to produce bodily movements

  28. -oid • Like; resembling; having the form or shape of • lipoid – like or resembling fat • Also used to describe tumors as alternatives to –oma suffixed words • Adenoid- a tumor consisting of glandular or glandlike material

  29. ophthalm-opt- • Ophthalm- the eye or eyes • Opt- seeing; vision; light • Optic- usually used to refer to the eye • Optical- usually used to refer to sight

  30. Ophthal-opt- • Ophthalmologist- a physician, a doctor of medicine, specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye • Optometrist- a doctor of optometry clinically trained and licensed to treat visual defects with corrective lenses and other methods not requiring license as a physician

  31. ost- • Bone; bone tissue • May appear in the forms of ost, oste, oss, ossi, osse • Ost- and oste- are root words in dealing with disease conditions and therapy to correct disease conditions • Oss-, ossi-, osse- used in the naming of anatomical parts involving bone and normal biological processes involving bone

  32. proct- • “anus”, the past part of the digestive tube, measuring about 18 centimeters (7 inches) through which solid waste products are expelled from the body • Anus- opening that feces are expelled • Anal- about 4 centimeters (1 ½ inches) through which feces pass for expulsion • Rectum- about 13 cm (5”) that serves as a storage pouch for feces until it is expelled.

  33. proct- • Technically the element proct- is restricted to words dealing with the rectum. However, medical usage broadens the application of the element to include anus, anal canal, and rectum

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