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Bellringer

Bellringer. What do you know about Islam? If you are a Muslim, instead answer: What do you think your classmates know?. Agenda. Islam GRAPES. Objectives. Students will be able to… 54. Identify the holy cities of Islam and the places where Islam spread.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • What do you know about Islam? • If you are a Muslim, instead answer: What do you think your classmates know?

  2. Agenda • Islam GRAPES

  3. Objectives Students will be able to… 54. Identify the holy cities of Islam and the places where Islam spread. 55. Summarize the core beliefs of Islam, including the prophet Muhammad and the Five Pillars. 56. Describe the achievements and contributions of Islamic civilization.

  4. Objective #54 Islam

  5. Disclaimer • This lesson will follow the broad outline (the textbook definition) of Islam. We all have different beliefs, even those who share the same religion name. • You are not asked to believe or agree with all that is taught today, and we will not have a religious debate. • Think today about the historical, not religious connections.

  6. Terminology • The religion is Islam(noun) • Believers are Muslims(noun) • Elements of the culture can be Muslim or Islamic (adjectives )

  7. G

  8. Arabian Peninsula • Founded in the city of Mecca, located on the Arabian Peninsula • Located at the crossroads of three continents • What spread along trade routes besides goods?

  9. Mecca • Mecca was an important trade hub • Located in Southern Arabia • At an oasis • Yearly trade caravans • Religious pilgrims worshipping at the Ka’bah, an ancient shrine (from Abraham)

  10. Ka’bah

  11. Cultural Diffusion! • Because of trade routes and religious importance of the Ka’bah, cultural diffusion was able to overcome long distances and difficult boundaries!

  12. Objective #55 R • Monotheistic with the belief in Allah • Followed the revelations from Allah to Muhammad as written in their holy book, the Qur’an • Believed in the Judeo-Christian prophets, like Moses and Abraham

  13. Muhammad the Prophet • Muhammad is the final prophet • Prophets are human • Given the word of Allah through the angel Gabriel • Disrespectful to show his face

  14. Five Pillars Faith Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage

  15. A • Today, we list. Next week, we explore • Astronomy • Mathematics • Medicine • Baghdad (the House of Wisdom) • Geographic knowledge • Universities • Mosques and Architecture • Calligraphy

  16. Masjid al-Haram Found in Mecca, it is the world’s biggest Mosque

  17. World’s Largest Mosque

  18. Dijenné, Mali

  19. Damascus, Syria

  20. Córdoba, Spain

  21. Courtyard at Córdoba

  22. Hagia Sophia

  23. Minarets

  24. Blue Mosque, Istanbul

  25. Oh yeah? Mine has 9!

  26. Zabid Ancient Islamic university where the term 'algebra' was coined

  27. Dome of the Rock

  28. Calligraphy

  29. Islamic Art: Calligraphy

  30. Islamic Art: Mosaics

  31. Calligraphy and Mosaics Calligraphy Mosaic

  32. P • Islam was led by the Prophet Muhammad until his death in 632 C.E. • The first four successors, or caliphs, were related to Muhammad • Known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs

  33. Spread of Islam Territory at Muhammad’s death Territory at Abu Bakr’s death Territory at Ali’s death Medina Mecca

  34. Sunni/Shi’a Split • Disagreements over succession to Muhammad • Islamic unity ends with assassination of his son-in-law, Ali • Partisans of Ali = Shi’asect

  35. Sunni/Shi’a Split

  36. Umayyad Dynasty • First Muslim dynasty • They set up a hereditary system of getting new leaders • They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus

  37. Umayyad Expansion • Islamic empire spreads across northern Africa and to Spain • The spread into Europe was halted at the Battle of Tours in 732 C.E. • Charles the Hammer • This prevents the spread of Islam across Europe

  38. Umayyad Expansion

  39. Abbasid Dynasty • Umayyad Dynasty is stopped at Tours, and then overthrown by the Abbasids • REMEMBER RULE #8! • Abbasids move the Muslim capital to Baghdad • Eventually Baghdad is destroyed by the Mongols

  40. E • Islamic economy was focused on trade • Trade routes went • East to the Silk Road • West across Northern Africa and the Mediterranean • South to Red Sea and Indian Ocean

  41. S • All Muslims are seen as a religious community called an umma • The umma come together to pray • Muslims live their daily lives in accordance with the law seen in the Qu’ran and the teachings of Muhammad. This is known as Shari’a Law

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