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Bellringer. What do you know about Islam? If you are a Muslim, instead answer: What do you think your classmates know?. Agenda. Islam GRAPES. Objectives. Students will be able to… 54. Identify the holy cities of Islam and the places where Islam spread.
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Bellringer • What do you know about Islam? • If you are a Muslim, instead answer: What do you think your classmates know?
Agenda • Islam GRAPES
Objectives Students will be able to… 54. Identify the holy cities of Islam and the places where Islam spread. 55. Summarize the core beliefs of Islam, including the prophet Muhammad and the Five Pillars. 56. Describe the achievements and contributions of Islamic civilization.
Objective #54 Islam
Disclaimer • This lesson will follow the broad outline (the textbook definition) of Islam. We all have different beliefs, even those who share the same religion name. • You are not asked to believe or agree with all that is taught today, and we will not have a religious debate. • Think today about the historical, not religious connections.
Terminology • The religion is Islam(noun) • Believers are Muslims(noun) • Elements of the culture can be Muslim or Islamic (adjectives )
Arabian Peninsula • Founded in the city of Mecca, located on the Arabian Peninsula • Located at the crossroads of three continents • What spread along trade routes besides goods?
Mecca • Mecca was an important trade hub • Located in Southern Arabia • At an oasis • Yearly trade caravans • Religious pilgrims worshipping at the Ka’bah, an ancient shrine (from Abraham)
Cultural Diffusion! • Because of trade routes and religious importance of the Ka’bah, cultural diffusion was able to overcome long distances and difficult boundaries!
Objective #55 R • Monotheistic with the belief in Allah • Followed the revelations from Allah to Muhammad as written in their holy book, the Qur’an • Believed in the Judeo-Christian prophets, like Moses and Abraham
Muhammad the Prophet • Muhammad is the final prophet • Prophets are human • Given the word of Allah through the angel Gabriel • Disrespectful to show his face
Five Pillars Faith Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage
A • Today, we list. Next week, we explore • Astronomy • Mathematics • Medicine • Baghdad (the House of Wisdom) • Geographic knowledge • Universities • Mosques and Architecture • Calligraphy
Masjid al-Haram Found in Mecca, it is the world’s biggest Mosque
Zabid Ancient Islamic university where the term 'algebra' was coined
Calligraphy and Mosaics Calligraphy Mosaic
P • Islam was led by the Prophet Muhammad until his death in 632 C.E. • The first four successors, or caliphs, were related to Muhammad • Known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Spread of Islam Territory at Muhammad’s death Territory at Abu Bakr’s death Territory at Ali’s death Medina Mecca
Sunni/Shi’a Split • Disagreements over succession to Muhammad • Islamic unity ends with assassination of his son-in-law, Ali • Partisans of Ali = Shi’asect
Umayyad Dynasty • First Muslim dynasty • They set up a hereditary system of getting new leaders • They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus
Umayyad Expansion • Islamic empire spreads across northern Africa and to Spain • The spread into Europe was halted at the Battle of Tours in 732 C.E. • Charles the Hammer • This prevents the spread of Islam across Europe
Abbasid Dynasty • Umayyad Dynasty is stopped at Tours, and then overthrown by the Abbasids • REMEMBER RULE #8! • Abbasids move the Muslim capital to Baghdad • Eventually Baghdad is destroyed by the Mongols
E • Islamic economy was focused on trade • Trade routes went • East to the Silk Road • West across Northern Africa and the Mediterranean • South to Red Sea and Indian Ocean
S • All Muslims are seen as a religious community called an umma • The umma come together to pray • Muslims live their daily lives in accordance with the law seen in the Qu’ran and the teachings of Muhammad. This is known as Shari’a Law