The Cattle Kingdom

1. The Cattle Kingdom By Mrs. White

2. Longhorns • Brought by Spaniards in 1500’s • Horns may be 6 ft. wide • Run fast • 1700’s and 1800’s: • Herds grew • American and Mexican settlers began ranches in South Texas • Longhorns used to start herds

3. Longhorn Pics

4. King Ranch is best known Begun by Richard King Became larger than the state of Rhode Island Near Corpus Christi Early Texas Ranchers

5. BEFORE CIVIL WAR Millions of longhorns in Texas Sold for only $4 each Ranchers raised cattle for leather and for tallow, or fat, which was used in candles and soap AFTER CIVIL WAR Northern cities wanted beef Price of longhorns rose from $4 to $40 Northern cities made cattle ranchers more money Cattle drives began One trail used was Chisolm Trail to Abilene, Kansas Rise of Cattle Business http://www.westegg.com/inflation/

6. Famous Women Ranchers • Margarita Villareal • Florencia Bonavide • Paula Rodriguez, • Lizzie Johnson Williams • Margaret Heferman Borland • Could own land, but could not vote!!

7. Cowhands/Cowboys • Drove the cattle north to Kansas • 1/4 were Mexican or African American • Began with spring roundup - cattle branded • Long drive began - took about three months • Moved cattle 15 miles a day • Leader was trail boss • Had to be ready for stampedes

8. End of the Cattle Kingdom • The end began when farmers began sharing the plain and fencing their land. • Ranchers began fencing their land, too. • Fences: • Before 1870 - rocks or wood • 1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed wire - a twisted wire with sharp points • Led to fighting • Made long drives harder • Drives ended when railroads were built into Texas