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Motivation and Emotion

Motivation and Emotion. Chapter 10. Internal processes that: 1. 2. 3. G. uide. A. ctivate. S. ustain. Motivation. Physiological Hunger Sexual motivation Cognitive Expectancy Self-fulfillment . Theories of Motivation. Drive Theory Arousal Theory Expectancy Theory

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Motivation and Emotion

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  1. Motivation and Emotion Chapter 10 Internal processes that: 1. 2. 3. G uide A ctivate S ustain

  2. Motivation Physiological • Hunger • Sexual motivation Cognitive • Expectancy • Self-fulfillment

  3. Theories of Motivation • Drive Theory • Arousal Theory • Expectancy Theory • Goal-Setting Theory p. 377

  4. Drive Theory • Biological needs arising within our bodies create unpleasant states of arousal • Hunger, thirst, fatigue, etc. • Homeostasis- balanced physiological state • Motivation is basically a process in which various biological needs PUSH us to actions

  5. Drive Theory: An Overview

  6. Arousal Theory • Optimization NOT Minimization • Arousal: our general level of activation • May fluctuate • Biological influences?? • Sensation seekers • Yerkes-Dodson law

  7. Yerkes-Dodson law • There is a relationship between, optimal performance and the level of arousal necessary.

  8. Expectancy Theory • Behavior is determined by expectations (desirable outcomes). • Thoughts about future PULL your behavior. • Incentives: almost anything we have learned to value.

  9. Goal-Setting • Wood & Locke(1990) • Specific • Challenging • Attainable • Feedback can improve performance. • Take life in strides…

  10. Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

  11. Emotions Physiological responses Subjective feelings Expressive reactions

  12. How do we respond? Cannon – Bard • Earliest theory • Simultaneous occurrence . James – Lange • More preferred • Interpretations determine emotions • Facial feedback hypothesis

  13. Why go to scary movies? Schacter – Singer • Two stage theory • Dutton & Aron (1974) Opponent-Process • Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

  14. The Emotional Brain Anterior vs. Posterior • Pleasant – Unpleasant • Arousal Right vs. Left • Avoidence – withdrawl • Positive affect - Rewards

  15. Speaking without Words 1. Nonverbal Cues 2. Gestures 3. Body language

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