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Motivation and Emotion

Motivation and Emotion. Chapter 10. Motivation. Goal directed behavior Theories Drive= reduce need Incentive= external reward Evolution= adaptive. Additional theories of motivation. Arousal theory= optimal level Opponent process theory: up and down, rebound Homeostasis= set point.

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Motivation and Emotion

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  1. Motivation and Emotion Chapter 10

  2. Motivation • Goal directed behavior • Theories • Drive= reduce need • Incentive= external reward • Evolution= adaptive

  3. Additional theories of motivation • Arousal theory= optimal level • Opponent process theory: up and down, rebound • Homeostasis= set point

  4. Hierarchy of needs • Abraham Maslow • Self-actualization • Growth • Potential • Pages 497- 498

  5. Self-actualization trap Self-actualization= “Be all that you can be” VS Self fulfilling prophecy= “If you think you can or you can’t, you’re right.”

  6. Hierarchy of needs Self actualization Aesthetic Cognitive Achievement Affiliation Security Physiological

  7. Hunger and Eating • Lateral hypothalamus (LH)= ON= 2= start eating • Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)= OFF= 3 = stop eating

  8. Hunger and Eating

  9. Hunger and Eating • Lesioning of LH= stops eating • Lesioning of VMH= won’t stop Briar Patch questions!

  10. Glucose and digestive regulation • Glucose= sugar used for energy, fuel for brain • Glucostatic hypothesis= brain detects low levels and needs to fill up (eat)

  11. Insulin • Plays a role in hunger • Hormone secreted by pancreas • Needed to extract glucose from the blood • Diabetes= not enough insulin

  12. Leptin • Hormone produced by fat cells • Plays a role in hunger • High levels = decreased hunger

  13. Environmental factors in the regulation of hunger • Food availability and related cues • Learned preferences and habits • Stress and eating

  14. Eating and Weight • Obesity= overweight • Body mass index= weight in kgs/ height squared

  15. Eating and Weight • Genetic predisposition • Excessive eating • Inadequate exercise • Set point • Dietary restraint

  16. Concept check 10.1 Understanding factors in the regulation of hunger

  17. Eating Disorders Psychopathology Pages 598-601

  18. Sexual motivation and behavior Determinants of sexual desire • Hormones • Erotic materials • Attraction to a partner

  19. Evolutionary analysis • Parental investment theory • Gender differences • Sexual activity • Mate preferences: Featured Study

  20. Evolutionary analysis • Criticism and alternative explanations • Cultural expectations • Also remember we have free will!

  21. Sexual orientation • Sexual orientation= preference for partners • Homosexual • Heterosexual • Bisexual

  22. Sexual orientation • Environmental theories • Biological theories

  23. Human sexual response • Excitement • Plateau • Orgasm • Resolution or refractory period Masters and Johnson

  24. Affiliation: In search of belongingness • Affiliation= need to belong • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) • Henry Murray • Projective test • Tell a story for each picture

  25. Achievement: In search of excellence • Achievement= master each challenge • McClelland • Individual differences • Situational determinants

  26. Emotion • Cognitive component • Physiological component • Behavioral component

  27. Physiological component • Autonomic nervous system • Sympathetic • Parasympathetic • Galvanic skin response (GSR)= electrical activity from sweat • Polygraph or lie detector, problematic

  28. Amygdala • Central role in emotion • Damaged= unable to learn fear

  29. Facial feedback hypothesis • Facial muscles send signals to the brain • Facial expressions help create emotion

  30. Cross-cultural differences • Ekman • Universal agreement on facial expressions

  31. Theories of emotion • James-Lange theory • Cannon-Bard theory • Schacter’s two factor • Evolutionary theories

  32. Theories of emotion

  33. Concept check 10.3 Understanding theories of emotion Briar Patch questions!

  34. Don’t forget • Exploring the ingredients of happiness • Analyzing arguments: making sense out of controversy

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