Kingdom Animalia

1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Kingdom Animalia • Multi-celled • Heterotrophic (Consumer) • Has a Nucleus (Eukaryotic) • It is the largest Kingdom so far. (See Link) • There are over 1.3 million species of Animals

3. How many of each type of Animal

4. Invertebrate Animals • They do not have a backbone • Classification by structure can be done in several ways. • Body Plan (See next Slides) • Presence or Absence of a Head, Most animals have a head. But, some of the simpler animals like sponges do not have a brain or a head. • Food Digestion ( Almost all animals have a gut. A gut is a pouch lined with cells that release powerful enzymes. The enzymes break the food down into very small particles that can be absorbed by the body.

5. Invertebrate Body Plans • Radial Symmetry, Animals with radial symmetry have a body that is organized around the center like spokes on a bicycle wheel.

6. Invertebrate Body Plans • Bilateral Symmetry, Animals with this type of body plan could be split into two resulting in identical halves.

7. Invertebrate Body Plans • Asymmetrical; Animals with this body plan cannot be divided equally into two halves or be the same in any direction.

8. Invertebrate Groups (Phyla) • Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda ,Echinodermata, Chordata • Note: The animal phyla listed above are listed in order of most simple to most complex.

9. Invertebrate Animals Phyla Vertebrate Animals Classes Phylum Porifera - Have pores in body walls Class Mammals - Have Fur - Make Milk - Have Lungs Phylum Cnidaria - Have Stingers/Nervous System Phylum Platyhelminthes - Have flattened bodies Class Birds - Have Beaks - Have Wings and Feathers - Have Hollow Bones Phylum Nematoda - Have simple brain/flat body Class Fish - Have Scales - Have Gills Phylum Annelida - Advanced Nervous/Body Seg. Phylum Mollusca - Have Soft Body/Shells on Some Class Reptiles - Scales and Dry Skin Phylum Arthropoda - Jointed Legs/Exoskeleton Class Amphibians - Thin Skin for H20 - Smooth Skin Phylum Enchinodermata - Have Spines/Simple Nervous

10. Phylum Porifera: Station 1 • This phylum includes the sponges and are the simplest of all animals. They have no brain, nerves or gut. Most are found in the ocean. • They have pores in their body walls so that water can enter and they can filter feed.

11. Porifera Samples and Structural Characteristics • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Porifera (Pores in the body wall) • Common Name = Sponges • Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual • Symmetry = Assymetrical • Classification Structures 1. Pores (meaning holes) in the body wall 2.Skeleton of spicules 3. No nervous system (meaning brain, nerves etc.) 4. Few organs and tissues and are multi-celled. • Samples: • 1A Class Calcarera and Genus Hippospongia • 1B Class Calcarera and Genus Grantia

12. Phylum Cnidaria: Station 2 • This phylum include things like Jellyfish, Hydra, and Sea Anemones. They are more complex than sponges. They have a gut, and a nervous system • They have tentacles that sting Sea Anemone Hydra Jelly Fish

13. Cnidaria Samples and Classification Structures • Kingdom: Animalia • Phlylum: Cnidaria • Common Name = Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones, Sea Urchin, Comb Jellies, Hydras, Corals etc. • Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual • Symmetry = Radial • Classification Structures • Net like nervous systems • Stinging tenacles and are multi-celled • They have a body cavity and a mouth but have few organs and tissues. • Samples: 2A = Comb Jelly, 2B = Sea Anemone, 2C Jellies

14. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Station 3 • This includes flat worms. They have a head and a gut and even eyes. Examples include flukes and tapeworms. • They have flattened bodies Pork Tapeworm

15. Platyhelminthes Samples and Classification Structures • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum: Platyhelminthes • Common Name = Flat Worms, Tapeworms, Fluke, Planarian. • Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) • Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical • Classification Structures • Have a mouth but no tail end (blind gut) • No hollow area inside and the bodies are flat. • Samples: • 3A = Class Cestoda (tapeworm) • 3B = Class Turbellaria (flatworm)

16. Phylum Nematodes: Station 4 • This group includes parasite type round worms. They are very tiny and round. A single rotten apple lying on the ground could contain as many as 100,000 roundworms. They help break down dead animals and plants to build soil. They have a get and a very simple brain. They are parasites (meaning live on and in other things) and can infect humans. Some of the more popular forms are pin worms and hook worms. • These are cylinder (round) shaped worms

17. Nematoda Samples and Classification Structures • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Nematoda • Common Name = Round Worm. • Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) • Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical • Classification Structures • Nematodes have round bodies. • They have no circulatory system • Have a simple nervous system • Have two layers of cells tissues and organs. • Samples: • 4A = Genus Ascaris • 4B = Genus Lumbricus Species terrestris

18. Phylum Annelida: Station 5 • These include segmented worms. They have a more advanced nervous system and gut than the more simple invertebrates • Bodies are made of identical repeating segments

19. Annelida Samples and Classification Structures. • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Annelida (segmented worms) • Common Name = Earth Worms, Delightful rain, and dew. • Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) • Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical • Classification Structures • Has a true body cavity (coelom). • Has a mouth and a tail end. • Has a closed circulatory system (meaning blood contained in vessels instead of out in the open) • Has a nervous system, and segmented bodies. • Samples: • No Sample (sorry)

20. Phylum Mollusca: Station 6 • This group includes snails, clams and squid, oysters and more. They have the most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates. You will get to dissect a squid. • They have soft bodies and some are covered by a shell. Octopus Squid

21. Molluska Samples and Classification Structures • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Mollusca • Common Name = squid, octopi, snails, clams, slugs, oysters, etc. . • Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) • Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical • Classification Structures • Mollusks have many cell layers • They have tissues and organs, • They have no body cavity or hollow place • They have a nervous system, open circulatory system, and kidneys. • Some have gills for breathing in water. • Some have shells. • Some have a muscular foot for movement. • Samples: • 6A = Genus Helix (land snail) There are two samples to see.

22. Phylum Arthropoda: Station 7 • This group includes spiders, ticks, insects, and crustaceans and more. This group is the largest group of animals on earth. In fact 75% of all animals are arthropods. • This group may have many joints in their legs, a segmented body, an exoskeleton and a very well developed nervous system. Stag Beetle: Class Insecta

23. Phylum Arthropoda King Crab: Class Crustacea Stag Beetle: Class Insecta Millipede: Class Millipede Centipede: Class Centipede Lynx Spider: Class Arachnida

24. Arthopod Samples and Classification Structures • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum Arthropoda • Common Name = insects (class insecta), spiders (class arachnid), crayfish and lobster (class crustacea), rollypolly bugs, scorpians, trilobites (extinct) millipedes and centipedes. • Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) • Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical • Classification Structures • Have many cell layers 2. Have tissues and organs. • Havemany cells, a body cavity, 3 to 400 + pairs of jointed legs, an exoskeleton, • Have 2 or 3 body sections, • Samples: • 7A = Class Crustacea (crayfish) • 7B = Class Insecta (lubber grasshopper) • 7C = Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crab) • 7D = Class Trilobite. THIS ONE IS EXTINCT.

25. Phylum Echinodermata: Station 8 • This includes starfish, and sea urchins and others. They have a simple nervous system similar to the jelly fish. • They have spines on their surface. Brittle Star Sea Urchin

26. Echinodermata Samples and Classification Structures • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Echinodermata • Common Name = starfish, sea urchin, britter star, sand dollar, sea cucumbers and etc. • Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) • Symmetry = mostly radial sometimes bilateral. • Classification Structures • Have spines on the surface and radial symmetry. • Have 5 rays or arms • Have many cells tissues and organs • Have a true body cavity • Samples: • 8A = Class echnoidea (sea urchin). • 8B = Class asteroidea (starfish) • 8C = Class echnoidea (sand dollar)

27. Phylum Chordata (The Vertebrates) • These animals have a backbone and skull • There are five main classes of the Phylum Chordata: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals and Birds.

28. Fish • Have gills for breathing in water • Have scales • Have fins for moving Clown Fish Lemon Butterfly

29. Amphibians • Most amphibians living today are frogs or salamanders. • They are thin skinned and absorb water through the skin. • Live in water and on land.

30. Reptiles • These are ancient. They are thick skinned and cold blooded. This means that they can’t maintain their own body temperature. • They main types of reptiles are crocodiles, alligators, lizards, and snakes. • Dry skin and scales and breath air with lungs or lung like structures.

31. Birds • They have beaks instead of jaws and teeth. • They also have wings and feathers that adapt them for flight. • Breath Air with Lungs or Lung Like Structures

32. Mammals • Have Fur or Hair • Breath with Lungs • Make Milk with Mammary Glands • Give Live Birth and Have a Placenta