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MODALS (obligation and request)

MODALS (obligation and request). MODALS. Modals are auxilary verbs. Use simple modals (modal+base form) for the present and future. Use perfect modals (modal+ have+ past participle) to show degrees of necessity in the past. OBLIGATION. PRESENT MUST HAVE TO HAVE GOT TO PAST HAD TO.

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MODALS (obligation and request)

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  1. MODALS (obligation and request)

  2. MODALS • Modals are auxilary verbs. • Use simple modals(modal+base form) for the present and future. • Use perfect modals(modal+ have+ past participle) to show degrees of necessity in the past.

  3. OBLIGATION PRESENT • MUST • HAVE TO • HAVE GOT TO PAST • HAD TO

  4. PRESENT • MUST Use must formally to show very strong obligation that can’t be escaped • HAVE TO Use have to in all forms and situations, formal and informal. • HAVE GOT TO Use have got to informally in conversations. It is rarely used in the negative. Use don’t have to instead.

  5. PAST • HAD TO Use had to to show past necessity • BE CAREFUL! Don’t use must have + past participle to show past necessity

  6. NEGATİVEFORMS • Must and have to have similar meanings BUT, • Must not and don’t have to have very different meanings.

  7. We use must not to say that it is necessary not to do something ( that it is prohibited ). • You must not smoke here. • We use don’t/doesn’t have to to say that something is not necessary. • You don’t have to eat everything offered to you • In the past, we use didn’t have to+ base form to show that something was not necessary. • You didn’t have to bring a gift.

  8. REQUEST • MAY • CAN • WİLL • COULD • MİGHT • WOULD • DO YOU MİND … • WOULD YOU MİND …

  9. We use these modals to say our demands politely. • We use generally these modals as simple modals (modal + base form) for the present and future.

  10. MAY May I go out with my friends tonight, mum? CAN Can I use your printer? I don’t have one. WİLL Will you please pass that dictionary over here? MIGHT Might I leave a little early today? I have got an appoinment. COULD Could you bring some water, please? WOULD Would you buy a pocket of butter for us, please?

  11. DO YOU MİND… Dou you mind turning off the heater? (ısıtıcıyı kapatmanızın sakıncası var mı?) Do you mind if I turn off the heater? (ısıtıcıyı kapatmamın sakıncası var mı?) WOULD YOU MİND… Would you mind turning off the heater? (ısıtıcıyı kapatmanızın sakıncası var mı?) Would you mind if I turn off the heater? (ısıtıcıyı kapatmamın sakıncası var mı?)

  12. E.PINAR KARAHAN1090620004ELT 1

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