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Cellular resp . Electron transport chain

Cellular resp . Electron transport chain. Glycolysis. Glycolysis. 6 Carbon molecule of glucose is broken down into two 3 Carbon molecules of pyruvic acid . Takes place in the cytoplasm. Step by Step of Glycolysis.

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Cellular resp . Electron transport chain

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  1. Cellular resp. • Electron transport chain

  2. Glycolysis

  3. Glycolysis • 6 Carbon molecule of glucose is broken down into two 3 Carbon molecules of pyruvicacid. • Takes place in the cytoplasm.

  4. Step by Step of Glycolysis • Two phosphate groups are attached to glucose. Phosphate groups comes from 2ATPs to form 2 ADPs. • Fructose diphosphate (6 carbon molecule) is split into two 3 carbon molecules (PGAL).

  5. PGAL molecules are oxidized. Each receives a phosphate group. During this NAD+ is reduced to NADH. • Four ADPs are reduced to 4 ATPs.

  6. Forms two molecules of pyruvic acid. 2 ATPs were used and 4 ATPs were formed. Net Yield= 2 ATPs

  7. Fermentation • In the absence of oxygen. • Biochemical pathways to produce different compounds. • Fermentation – combination of glycolysis and additional pathways.

  8. Lactic acid fermentation • Enzyme converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid. • NADH gives H+ to pyruvic acid, to form NAD+. • NAD+ is used in glycolysis, keeps glycolysis going.

  9. Some cells engage in lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is absent. • Other cells engage in alcoholic fermentation. • CO2 is released.

  10. Lactic acid produced in your muscles. • Lactic acid fermentation used in foods. • Alcoholic fermentation used in foods.

  11. Energy Yield • Kilocalories (kcal) = one kilocalorie equals 1,000 calories (cal) • Glucose releases 686 kcal. • Absorbs 12 kcal to oxidize glucose. • 2 ATP are made during glucose. Efficiency of glycolysis = energy required to make ATP/energy released by oxidation of glucose = 2 x 12kcal/686 kcal x 100% = 3.5%

  12. Assignment: Pg. 131 Ques. 1-6

  13. Fermentation video • Fermentation video2

  14. Electron Transport Chain • Electron transport chain lines the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. • Cristae-long folds of mitochondria. • NADH and FADH2 release hydrogen atoms. • Build up a gradient of Hydrogen ions. • Hydrogen ions go through ATP synthase and give energy to add a phosphate to ADP to make ATP.

  15. Role of Oxygen • The last protein in the electron transport chain cannot keep all of the electrons it accepts. • Oxygen serves as the final acceptor of electrons. • Oxygen also accepts the protons that were once part of the hydrogen atoms supplied by NADH and FADH2. • Oxygen forms water. O2 + 4e- + 4H+ = 2H2O

  16. Energy Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration Efficiency = energy required to make ATP/Energy released by oxidation of glucose = 38 x 12 kcal/686 kcal x 100% = 66% Aerobic respiration is nearly 20 times more efficient than glycolysis alone. Compare with a car, it is 25% efficient.

  17. Review

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